THE STATUS OF ANIMALS AS CREATURES AND HOLISTIC WELL-BEING: A SYNTHESIS OF A CHRISTIAN ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONS

Abstract

 This research article aims to: 1) Analyze the status and value of animals as creatures within biblical and Christian theological frameworks; 2) Synthesize a Christian ethical framework for human-animal relations by engaging the principles of creation, human responsibility, compassion, justice, reconciliation, and the hope of all creation; and 3) Propose practical applications of this framework for promoting the holistic well-being of humans, communities, and the environment in contemporary contexts. The study employed a qualitative documentary research design. A total of 54 core documents were purposively selected, including biblical texts, biblical commentaries, Christian theological literature, scholarly literature on well-being and human-animal relations, and other relevant documents. The data were analyzed through exegetical interpretation and synthesized through theological and Christian ethical analysis. The findings revealed that animals should not be understood merely as resources, property, or instruments for human benefit. Rather, they should be regarded as creatures whose value is grounded in their relationship with the Creator and whose place within creation is related to covenant, care, justice, reconciliation, and the hope of all creation. The theological and ethical synthesis resulted in a five-dimensional Christian ethical framework comprising: the intrinsic value of creatures, human beings as stewards of creation, compassion and justice toward all life, limited and responsible use, and relational well-being.
This framework may be applied at the individual, familial, communal, educational, cultural, and ecological levels to promote the holistic well-being of human beings, communities, animals, and the environment. The findings also provide a conceptual basis for curriculum development, pastoral care, and further theological reflection on environmental responsibility, as well as for the formulation of institutional policies on animal welfare and ecological sustainability.