LEGAL MEASURES FOR REGULATING THE SALE OF GOODS IN PUBLIC PLACES AND PUBLIC WAYS IN MUEANG SONGKHLA

Abstract

This research aims to: 1) Examine the theories, concepts, and legal frameworks governing the regulation of vending in public spaces under the authority of Songkhla City Municipality; 2) Analyze the practical problems and obstacles in law enforcement; 3) Conduct a comparative study of legal measures with those of the Republic of Singapore; and 4) Propose systematic policy recommendations for improving municipal ordinances and local enforcement mechanisms. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, employing doctrinal legal analysis alongside contextual spatial analysis. Relevant national statutes and municipal ordinances were examined, and in-depth interviews were conducted with thirteen purposively selected key informants, including one mayor, two municipal public health officers, two municipal enforcement officers, two provincial public health officials, two vendors, two traffic police officers, and two affected residents. Singapore was selected as a comparative case study due to its unified and highly effective legal regulatory framework. The findings reveal that in the spatially constrained context of Songkhla’s historic urban area-particularly along Rajyindee Road 1, where more than 100 vendors operate-law enforcement faces significant challenges. These include the absence of an integrated coordination mechanism among state agencies and civil stakeholders, an insufficient number of officials responsible for maintaining sanitation standards, and limitations in sanction enforcement. Consequently, the regulation of public space and sanitation standards has been implemented inconsistently. In contrast, Singapore employs a structured hygiene grading system and a demerit point mechanism to ensure regulatory compliance. The study therefore proposes the development of an integrated municipal regulatory framework, incorporating inter-agency committees, administrative sanctions, a demerit point system, and incentive-based compliance measures. These reforms aim to enhance enforcement effectiveness while ensuring that regulatory measures remain responsive to the specific socio-economic context of Songkhla City Municipality.