Challenges and Rehabilitation in the Community of the New Generation of Informal Workers in the Agricultural Sector in the Northeast

Abstract

The research article has two objectives: (1) to describe the economic and social conditions before and after returning home, and (2) to analyze the overall picture of the struggles, problem-solving, and adaptation of informal labor force, specifically the new generation of local returnee labor force in the Northeastern, where agriculture is significant. To achieve these objectives, this research aims to develop a leading group capable of collecting data about situations of informal labor force in their own area through mixed-method research using two types of tools: surveys and group interviews. The research results for the first objective revealed that before returning home, the target group had worked in different areas for an average of 6 years, and most of them returned with debt. Regarding the situation after returning home, although they were generally satisfied with being back, they still had concerns about their ability to repay their existing debts, to invest, and to save for the future. For the second objective, it was found that they had to adapt to the community's way of life, especially in dealing with family and community pressures. They also had to take on family roles, sometimes community roles. Furthermore, the production situation they faced revealed a skills gap, leading to a need for re-skilling and up-skilling in modern agriculture practices that align with market demand. Policy proposals then were developed to enhance the potential of informal labor force, particularly the new generation of local returnee labor force entering the agricultural sector. These proposals include measures to address and manage their debt burden and the creation of a "menu" of training programs that develop skills matching their needs and time constraints.