Development of instructional model of 2S3A Model to enhance Analytical Thinking Ability and Mathematical Connection Ability of Primary students

Abstract

The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop and determine the effectiveness of the 2S3A instructional model in enhancing the Analytical Thinking Ability and Mathematical Connection Ability of primary students; 2) compare Analytical Thinking Ability before and after learning; and 3) compare Mathematical Connection Ability before and after learning. The samples used in this research consisted of 40 third-grade students from Phratamnaksuankularb Mahamongkhon School, Nakhonpathom Primary Educational Service Area District Office 2, during the first semester of the academic year 2025. The research instruments included the 2S3A instructional model developed by the researcher, a handbook for the model, lesson plans, an analytical thinking ability assessment test, and a mathematical connection ability assessment test. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and dependent t-test statistics. The research results indicated that: 1) the 2S3A instructional model consisted of five elements: principles, objectives, learning processes, evaluations, and learning factors. The learning process included five stages: Starting, Searching, Activity, Assessment, and Applying. The efficiency of the model was 84.60/82.75, which was higher than the required 80/80; 2) students’ scores in Analytical Thinking Ability after learning were significantly higher at the .05 level than before learning; and 3) students’ scores in Mathematical Connection Ability after learning were significantly higher at the .05 level than before learning.