Guidelines For Developing 21st-Century Skills Based on The Threefold Training of Small School Administrators Under Surat Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) study the 21^st-century skills of administrators of small schools; 2) draft guidelines for developing 21^st-century skills based on the Threefold Training (Trisikha) for administrators in small schools; and 3) evaluate the accuracy, appropriateness, and feasibility of the guidelines for developing 21^st-century skills based on the Threefold Training (Trisikha) for administrators in small schools. The study employed an Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed first, followed by qualitative data collection and analysis to explain and expand the quantitative findings, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research results. The sample consisted of 155 teachers from small schools under the Surat Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, along with 9 experts and 5 experts evaluating the guidelines. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed. Research instruments included questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and appropriateness evaluation forms. Statistical analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Interview data were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings showed that: (1) a study of the 21^st-century skills level of administrators in small schools found that the overall and individual aspects were at a high level; (2) the guidelines for developing 21^st-century skills based on the Threefold Training (Trisikha) for administrators of small schools revealed five areas. The research instrument consisted of five dimensions of 21^st-century leadership skills, namely: 1) visionary leadership skills, 2) analytical and creative thinking skills, 3) interpersonal skills, 4) technology and digital literacy skills, and 5) communication skills. These guidelines clearly align with the Threefold Training. (3) The evaluation of the accuracy, appropriateness, and feasibility of the guidelines for developing 21^st-century skills based on the Threefold Training (Trisikha) for administrators in small schools under the Surat Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 showed that, overall, the accuracy, appropriateness, and feasibility were at the highest level.