Analysis of Indonesian Development Equity: Making the Golden Indonesia 2045 through Pure Decentralization Policy in National Development Planning
Keywords:
Development Planning, Golden Indonesia, DecentralizationAbstract
This research aims to discover the challenges of Golden Indonesia 2045 by
identifying the regional autonomy in Indonesia, village autonomy in Indonesia, development planning mechanism in Indonesia, acceleration of Development in Indonesia, and challenges of Golden Indonesia 2045 in the Indonesian National Development Planning. This is an effort to evaluate decentralization in Indonesia. This study uses the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) method in public policy analysis. Primary data includes legal frameworks and expert interviews, while secondary data is derived from government reports, academic journals, and books. The data collected will then be analyzed using the theories used in this study, namely decentralization. The study results stated that the decentralization and autonomy implemented in Indonesia need to run more purely and optimally. In this case, Indonesia is more oriented towards centralization. All the authority of local governments and governments under them is based on and is very dependent on the central government. The construction of Indonesia’s government system through the avoidance of the authority of the entire local government through pure autonomy that allows it to be absolute results in the dependence of local governments on the central government. The development planning model in Indonesia must be bottom-up and participatory. This can be implemented through decentralization and pure autonomy by the central government for local and village governments. The study recommends granting greater authority to local and village governments, enabling them to develop and document strategic development plans (RPJPD, RPJMD, and RPJM) in alignment with national objectives.
References
Abat i Ninet, A. (2014). Constitutional violence: Legitimacy, democracy and human rights, constitutional violence: Legitimacy, democracy and human rights. Edinburgh University Press.
Akbar, S. (2019). Analysis of problems emerging in the expansion of new regions in the implementation of regional autonomy. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis (JIAGANIS), 3(1), 1-15.
Amini Alaoui, K., Radoine, H., & Nahiduzzaman, K. M. (2024). Rural planning evaluation and sustainable development potential in rural communes of Rehamna province (Morocco). Journal of Urban Management, 13(4), 624-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2024.07.002
Azhar, F. (2015). Community participation in development planning deliberation (musrenbang) in Pegirian Village, Semampir District, Surabaya City. Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik (JKMP), 3(2), 63-70.
Bentham, J. (2000). An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. Clarendon Press.
Bowen, R., & Webber, D. J. (2024). Do city-region policies neglect rural areas? Journal of Rural Studies, 106, 103207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103207
Budiardjo, M. (2008). Fundamentals of political science. Gramedia Pustaka.
Budiman, I. F. (2024). The role of pancasila as a state ideology in realizing a golden Indonesia 2024. Cendekia Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 2(3), 47-54.
Cattaneo, A., Adukia, A., Brown, D. L., Christiaensen, L., Evans, D. K., Haakenstad, A., McMenomy, T., Partridge, M., Vaz, S., & Weiss, D. (2022). Economic and social development along the urban–rural continuum: New opportunities to inform policy. World Development, 157, 105941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105941
Cynthia, V., & Yusran, R. (2021). Evaluation of the Desaku Menanti program in dealing with homeless and beggars in Padang City. Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP), 3(1), pp. 39-46. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v3i1.191
Darman, R. A. (2017). Preparing Indonesia’s golden generation in 2045 through quality education. Edik Informatika, 3(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.22202/ei.2017.v3i2.1320
DeLeon, P. (1988). Advice and consent the development of policy science. Russell Sage.
Desrinelti, D., Afifah, M., & Gistituati, N. (2021). Public policy: The concept of
implementation. Journal Riset Tindakan Indonesia (JRTI), 6(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.29210/3003906000
Dunn, W. N. (2020). Public policy analysis: An introduction. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Eko, S. (2004). Political reform and community empowerment. APMD Press.
Essamlali, I., Nhaila, H., & El Khaili, M. (2024). Optimizing runoff and pollution mitigation through strategic Low-Impact Development (LID) integration in the Bouznika city development plan. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 10, 100838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100838
Farid, M. R. A. (2019). Equitable distribution of socio-economic development between East and West Indonesia as an effort to strengthen diversity. Instructional Development Journal, 2(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.24014/idj.v2i1.6092
Fauzi, A. (2019). Regional autonomy in the framework of realizing good regional government implementation. Spektrum Hukum, 16(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.35973/sh.v16i1.1130
Firmanzah. (2011). Managing political parties. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Fleming, A., Wise, R. M., Hansen, H., & Sams, L. (2017). The sustainable development goals: A case study. Marine Policy, 86, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.09.019
Flores-Tapia, C. E., Pérez-González, M. del C., Maza-Ávila, F. J., & Flores-Cevallos, K. L. (2023). Public policy guidelines for a comprehensive, territorial, and sustainable development to improve productivity and competitiveness. Case Tungurahua province–Ecuador. Heliyon, 9(5), e15426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15426
Gadenne, L., & Singhal, M. (2014). Decentralization in developing economies. Annual Review of Economics, 6, 581-604. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-040833
Greenland, S. J., Saleem, M., Misra, R., Nguyen, N., & Mason, J. (2023). Reducing SDG complexity and informing environmental management education via an empirical six-dimensional model of sustainable development. Journal of Environmental Management,
, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118328
Griggs, D., Smith, M. S., Rockström, J., Öhman, M. C., Gaffney, O., Glaser, G., Kanie, N., Noble, I., Steffen, W., & Shyamsundar, P. (2014). An integrated framework for sustainable development goals. Ecology and Society, 19(4), 49. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07082-190449
Habibi, M. (2024). Inequality in regional development in the era of regional autonomy. Multiverse: Open Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.57251/multiverse.v3i1.1412
Habibi, M. M. (2015). Analysis of the Implementation of decentralization in city/regency regional autonomy. Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 28(2), 272. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(54)90048-X
Hák, T., Janoušková, S., & Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable development goals: A need for relevant indicators. Ecological Indicators, 60, 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.003
Haliim, W. (2016). Indonesian deliberative democracy: The concept of community participation in forming responsive democracy and law. Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia, 42(1), 20.
Hossain, M., Park, S., & Shahid, S. (2023). Frugal innovation for sustainable rural development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 193, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122662
Iheanacho, E. N. (2014). National development planning in Nigeria: An endless search for appropriate development s trategy. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 5(2), 49-60.
Ikbal, M. (2022). Decentralization: Learning from France. Stialan. https://stialan.ac.id/v3/ desentralisasi-belajar-dari-perancis/
Kasih, D. (2022). The role of village unit cooperatives in community empowerment in Tanjung Bungong Village, Kaway XVI District, Jurnal Ilmiah Prodi Muamalah, 14(2), 55-63.
Laswell, H. D. (1971). A Pre-view of policy science. Elsevier.
Mahadevan, M., & Shenoy, A. (2023). The political consequences of resource scarcity: Targeted spending in a water-stressed democracy. Journal of Public Economics, 220, 104842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104842
Martinovska Stojcheska, A., Zhllima, E., Kotevska, A., & Imami, D. (2024). Western Balkans agriculture and rural development policy in the context of EU integration-The case of Albania and North Macedonia. Regional Science Policy and Practice, 16(8), 100049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rspp.2024.100049
Mateo-Babiano, I., & Fong, A. (2024). Integrating multiculturalism in public space policy and place governance. Urban Governance, 4(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2024.01.001
Mohammed, A. S., Fuseini, M. N., & Baba, K. C. (2023). Grassroots stakeholders’ perception of participation in the Medium-Term Development Plan of District Assemblies in Ghana: The case of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District. Heliyon, 9(8), e19178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19178
Mookherjee, D. (2015). Political decentralization. Annual Review of Economics, 7(1), 231-249.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115527
Murhani, S. (2008) Legal aspects of local government supervision. Laksbang Mediatama.
Niembro, A., & Sarmiento, J. (2021). Regional development gaps in Argentina: A multidimensional approach to identify the location of policy priorities. Regional Science Policy and Practice, 13(4), 1297-1327. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12322
Nuradhawati, R. (2019). The dynamics of centralization and decentralization in Indonesia. Journal Academia Praja, 2(1), 152-170. https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v2i01.90
Stratu-Strelet, D., Gil-Gómez, H., Oltra-Badenes, R., & Oltra-Gutierrez, J. V. (2023). Developing a theory of full democratic consolidation: Exploring the links between democracy and digital transformation in developing Eastern European countries. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113543
Suárez Roldan, C., Méndez Giraldo, G. A., & López Santana, E. (2023). Sustainable development in rural territories within the last decade: A review of the state of the art. Heliyon, 9(7), e17555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023
Sururi, A. (2017). Public policy innovation (Conceptual and empirical review), Sawala: Jurnal Administrasi Negara, 4(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v4i3.241
Suyitno, D. dan (2004). Rural, environment and development. PT Alumni.
Westlund, H., & Borsekova, K. (2023). Rural problems, policies and possibilities in a post-urban world. Regional Science Policy and Practice, 15(4), 717-728. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12664
Wittig, K. (2016). Politics in the shadow of the gun: Revisiting the literature on “rebel-to-party transformations” through the case of Burundi. Civil Wars, 18(2), 137-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2016.1205561
Yehorchenkova, N., Yehorchenkov, O., Finka, M., Ondrejicka, V., & Ondrejickova, S. (2024). Development of a conceptual model for an information management system in spatial planning projects. Case study of making-city project. Heliyon, 10(12), e33389. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33389
Zasada, I., Häfner, K., Schaller, L., van Zanten, B. T., Lefebvre, M., Malak-Rawlikowska, A., Nikolov, D., Rodríguez-Entrena, M., Manrique, R., Ungaro, F., Zavalloni, M., Delattre, L., Piorr, A., Kantelhardt, J., Verburg, P. H., & Viaggi, D. (2017). A conceptual model to integrate the regional context in landscape policy, management and contribution to rural development: Literature review and European case study evidence. Geoforum, 82, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.03.012
Zubaedah, P. A., & Hafzi, R. (2022). Centralization or decentralization: The implementation of Regional Autonomy in Indonesia. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, 3(3), 865-878.
