RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF CITIZENS IN DEMOCRATIC STATES ANALYZED ACCORDING TO JOHN LOCKE'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Keywords:
Rights and Freedoms, Democratic State, Political Philosophy, Social ContractAbstract
This article analyzes the rights and freedoms of citizens in democratic states based on the political philosophy of John Locke, an English philosopher who laid the foundation for liberal democracy. Locke posited that natural rights consist of life, liberty, and property, which are inviolable. Governments are established through a social contract to protect these rights. Should a government fail in this duty, citizens retain the right to alter or overthrow it. The article highlights Locke’s contributions to the development of democratic states, focusing on key principles such as the rule of law to prevent abuse of power, the separation of powers to balance governance structures, and the active participation of citizens in safeguarding and monitoring their rights and freedoms. Furthermore, it examines challenges in contemporary democratic contexts, such as the expansion of the concept of rights and freedoms to include economic and social dimensions, including the right to privacy in the digital age and addressing economic and social inequalities. The article suggests that applying Locke's philosophy today requires attention to the role of state institutions and governance mechanisms in a globalized world, ensuring a balance between protecting individual freedoms and promoting social equality. The analysis demonstrates that Locke’s ideas, while originating in a historical context, remain relevant and crucial for modern democratic development, particularly through reinterpretations suited to contemporary societal changes.
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