THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES COMBINING AUGMENTED REALITY TO PROMOTE SCIENTIIC CONCEPTS ON THE GENETIC INHERITANCE OF LIVING THINGS FOR GRADE 5 STUDENTS

Abstract

Science plays a crucial role in daily life and learning. However, students' performance in the Ordinary National Educational Test (O-NET) for the past three academic years (2020–2022) in the subject area of science for Grade 6 has been consistently low, particularly in Strand 1: Life Science, Standard SC1.3, where scores have remained below 50%. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve science instruction, especially in the topic of genetic inheritance, which is complex, abstract, and difficult to visualize or understand thoroughly. This often results in students developing misconceptions. One promising approach to address this issue and enhance students’ conceptual understanding is the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology with hands-on learning activities, which has been shown to support the development of accurate scientific concepts effectively. This research aimed to: (1) develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a learning activity based on the 80/80 efficiency criterion; (2) study the effects of integrating AR with science learning activities to promote scientific conceptions on genetic inheritance among Grade 5 students; including (2.1) comparing students' scientific conceptions before and after participating in the learning activity, and (2.2) comparing students’ post-activity concept scores with the 80% benchmark; and (3) assess students’ satisfaction with the learning activity. The research was conducted in three phases: (1) development and validation of the learning activity, (2) implementation and evaluation of the learning outcomes, and (3) assessment of student satisfaction. The research findings revealed that
1. The developed learning activities consisted of seven lesson plans, eight AR media pieces, nine knowledge sheets, and nine worksheets. The efficiency test in 81.11/80.74.
2. The implementation of the science and technology learning activities integrated with augmented reality to enhance scientific conceptions on the topic of genetic trait inheritance in living organisms for Grade 5 students showed that: 2.1) Students' post-learning scientific concept scores were significantly higher than their pre-learning scores at the .05 level. 2.2) The average post-learning score was 24.14, equivalent to 80.58%, which was above the 80% benchmark but not statistically significant.
3. The students' satisfaction evaluation, based on responses from 23 participants, indicated that their overall satisfaction across all aspects was at the highest level.