THE FACTORS OF PARENT AND FAMILY INVOLVEMENT AFFECTING STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN URBAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF BHUTAN

Abstract

Abstract

        The research aimed 1) to identify the factors of parent and family involvement and student academic performance, 2) to study the multiple relationship between the six factors of parent and family involvement in school and student academic performance, and 3) to construct the best predictive equation to predict student academic performance by using six factors of parent and family involvement in school. 408 urban student’s parents were selected as sample through multistage random sampling method. The students’ academic achievements recorded in average percentage were collected for student academic performance. The two variables of interest were; predictive variable (parent/family involvement) and criterion variable (student academic performance). The following statistics were employed for data analysis: means, standard deviations, the Pearson r analysis, multi-collinearity statistics, enter-method and stepwise regression analysis. The results indicate: 1) Six factors of family involvement were identified from Epstein’s model namely, parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaboration with community. 2) there were multiple relationship between predictive and criterion variables. The analysis produced multiple correlation coefficient (R) = .270 and multiple coefficient of determination (R²) = .073. However, only three factors in the predictive regression equation were found significant (p ≤ .05): communication (b = 3.01), volunteering (b = -2.36) and learning at home (b = 3.91). 3) The best predictive regression equation was constructed, containing two best predictive factors; learning at home (X₄) and communication (X₂). The best predictive equation in unstandardized score and standardized score can be written as: Y' = 51.332 + 3.49(X₄) + 2.42(X₂), and Z' = 0.16 (Z₄) + 0.13(Z₂), respectively, with (R²) = .06.