Pema Sutta : Dimension of Love in Buddhism

Abstract

This article presents a study on the dimensions of love within the context of Buddhism and contemporary society, beginning with an analysis of the "Pema Sutta," which describes the characteristics of love or "Pema." Love can lead to either happiness or suffering depending on how it is managed and understood that love. In the context of contemporary society, love is interpreted through sociological and psychological perspectives. Sociologically, love is the foundation of relationships that affect social structures, such as families and social institutions. Psychologically, love influences human emotions and mental states; expectations in relation- ships and the pursuit of love can lead to fulfillment or heartache. In Buddhism, it is stated that love arises from causes and conditions but remains subject to the law of the Three Marks of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa). Love is viewed through four dimensions: 1) Pema: The initial love received from the family. 2) Sineha: Romantic love between young people. 3) Chanda: Love and satisfaction in being together. 4) Metta: Altruistic love that wishes happiness for the person one loves. Psychologically, love is seen as a fundamental need and a mental feeling, whereas sociologically, love is viewed as a human need for building families and continuing the lineage. The Buddhist principles applied include the Five Precepts (Sīla 5), the Six Directions (Disā 6), and the Khaggavisāṇa Sutta. These teachings highlight the dangers of attachment in love and guide practitioners to transcend love through spiritual practice, ultimately achieving enlightenment.