Nibata Jataka : A study as a Recording tool of Living Things on Earth
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research article aims to study the Jataka tales as a recording tool of living things on Earth based on the concept of the evolution of living creatures in the prehistoric ages. The results indicate that the past lives of Lord Buddha as narrated in the Jataka tales corresponded to the evolution of living things on Earth, starting from the birth in the water and developing into amphibians, reptiles, winged animals, mammals, apes and, eventually, Homo. The findings also point out that natural selection has played a key role in the existence of all living things. The fact that the Jataka tales are not arranged in the chronological order but categorized (Nibata) according to the number of the Pali verses in each tale from the shortest to the longest prevents many from perceiving that the Jataka tales were essentially used to record the evolution of the living things in the primitive era prior to the invention of the written
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright is that of the journal any reproduction must be permitted by the editor of journal
References
http://thongsanga6012.blogspot.com/2016/09/vertebrate-505-vertebrate-chordates-
5.html. (In Thai)
Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University. (n.d.). Chapter 8: Animal Breeding. Retrieved from AGRI MIShttps://mis.agri.cmu.ac.th › download › course › (In Thai)
Goodall, J. (2019). (Suwat Atsawachaichan and Anchana Atsawanit – Interview). Animal Intelligence. Sarakadee Magazine. Retrieved from
https://www.sarakadee.com/2019/10/01/jane-goodall- power-of-individual/ (In Thai)
Harari, N. Y. (2014). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Summarized by Panasm’s Blog. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.panasm.com/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD-sapiens/ (In Thai)
Information for Tiger Lovers (n.d.). Species and Cross-Species Breeding. Retrieved from
http://www.ubonzoo.com › wild_animals › across_breeding (In Thai)
Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University [a]. (n.d.). Animal Evolution. Retrieved
from https://il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/150 charles-darwin/Less6_1.html. (In Thai)
Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University [b]. (n.d.). Mammals. Retrieved
from https://il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/150 charles-darwin/Less6_k_4.html. (In Thai)
Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University [c]. (n.d.). Natural Selection. Retrieved
from https://il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/150charles-darwin/Less5_2.html (In Thai)
Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University [d]. (n.d.). Human Evolution. Retrieved from https://il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/150charles-darwin/Less8_1.html. (In Thai)
Jehovah’s Witnesses. (2014). The Creation of the World-The Truth You May Not Know. Retrieved from https://www.jw.org/th/หนังสือและสื่อต่างๆ/วารสาร/g201403/ (In Thai)
Kongsirirat, S. (2004). Folklore Related to Thai Language and Literature: A Textbook. Faculty of Humanities, Naresuan University. (Unpublished Manuscript). (In Thai)
Learning Center For Earth Science and Astronomy. (n.d.). The Age of Prehistoric Animals. Retrieved from http://www.lesa.biz/earth/lithosphere/geologic-time/fossil. (In Thai)
Lecturers of Maha Chulalongkorn Rajavidyalaya University, Nakhon Sawan Campus. (2016). The
Project to Promote the Distribution of Knowledge in the Form of Research Articles from the Translation of the Tripitaka from Pali in the Thai Script and from Pali in the Roman Script. Retrieved from http://www.thai-xplore.net/file_upload/submitter/file_doc /99d8caf0d102f641228dac667a554a3e.pdf. (In Thai)
Mangmeesuksiri, S. (2004). Asian Water Monitors and Bengal Monitors: From the Jataka to Klong
Lokanit and Why the Heroes Have Become the Villains. Damrong Journal. 3(6): 49-58.
(In Thai)
Mystic Lands. (2016). Hinduism: 10 Avatars of Vishnu and Darwin's Theory of Evolution
–Parallels. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0X4dM1ve4g.
National Geographic (in Thai). (August 2019). Human Evolution. Retrieved from
https://ngthai.com/science/24384/human-evolution/2/ (In Thai)
Pannaphong, J. (2001). The Evolution of Living Things. Retrieved from
https://www.nectec.or.th/schoolnet/library/create-web/10000/science/10000- 193.html (In Thai)
Pengpongsa, Y. (1978). Garudas in literature, Nagas in literature, Sanskrit literature, Pali
literature. Master’s Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Phetkhon, P. (2020). The Variety of Animals. SciMath. Retrieved from
https://www.scimath.org/lesson-biology/item/9434-2018-11-14-08-52-40 (In Thai)
Phra Chom Klao Science Park, Waghor, Prachuap Khiri Khan. (2012). The Origin and Evolution of Birds. Retrieved from http://www.waghor.go.th/v1/elearning/nature/Bird&Insect/ie%20bird%20homepage/gen%20bird%201.htm (In Thai)
Plailek, S. (2014). A comparative study of cosmology in Visnu Purana and Tebhomikatha.
Doctoral Dissertation, Silpakorn University.
Plailek, S. (2015). Cosmogenesis in the Viṣṇupurāṇa:Belief Merging to Increase Faith in
The Viṣṇu. VANNAVIDAS. 15(1): 1-29. (In Thai)
Pupaka, A. (2016). The Translation and Publication of Nibata Jataka: A Stability Ensuring
Policy in The Reign of King Rama V. Parichart Journal, Thaksin University. 29(2): 89-
108. (In Thai)
Saengchai, P. (1961). 500 Lives of Buddha: A Comprehensive Edition. Bangkok: Sor Dharma Phakdee Office. (In Thai)
Satsanguan, Ng. (1992). The Principle of Anthropology. Bangkok: Chao Praya Kan Phim. (In
Thai)
Supanuam, P. (2018). Chromosome Evolution of Amphibians in Thailand. KKU Science Journal
- Khon Kaen University. 46(4): 654-663. (In Thai)
Suwanvaree, P. (2013). Biodiversity of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes
in Plant Genetic Protection Area of RSPG Nampung Dam, Sakon Nakhon. Suranaree University of Technology. (In Thai)
Thai Geology Team. (2012). The Evolution of the Earth. Retrieved from
https://www.geothai.net/earth-evolution/
Vechasat, K. (2016). The Reflection of Naga in the Tai Concepts. Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn
University. 9(1): 1099-1116. (In Thai)
Ven. Boonsom Dharmmawaro (Cherdsoongnern), Sawaeng Ninnama and Ven. Maha Monkhonkan Jittadharmmo. (2021). A Comparative Study of the Garudas in Brahmanism-Hinduism and Theravada Buddhism. The 3rd National Academic Conference of Faculty of Buddhism. Maha Chulalongkorn Rajavidyalaya University. pp. 76-85. (In Thai)
Ven. Naing Kruy (Inthapanyo). (2556). A comparative study of the origin of the world in Theravada Buddhism and Christianity. Master’s Thesis, Maha Chulalongkorn Rajavidyalaya University. (In Thai)
Venkatrangan, G. (October 2018). Vishnu Avatars and Evolution. Retrieved from
https://medium.com/@staynatural/vishnu-avatars-and-evolution-8cb6c069105c
Vishnu Avatars and the Theory of Evolution. (July 2020). Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-tictNm-rU
Wikipedia. (July 2021). Reptiles. Retrieved from
https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99. (In Thai)
Wikipedia. (September 2021). Snakehead Fish. Retrieved from
https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99. (In Thai)
Yoksan, S. (August 2011). Chimpanzees: The Closest Relatives of Humans. Retrieved from
https://www.scimath.org/article-science/item/2132-chimpanzee. (In Thai)