The chanting of the Phra Malai scripture in Chiya District, Suratthani Province

Abstract

This research article has two objectives: (1) to document the melodies used in the chanting of Phra Malai and (2) to analyze the linguistic strategies employed in Phra Malai chants in Chaiya District, Surat Thani Province. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, focusing specifically on the Phra Malai Waree Panya-Aphiwong troupe which is the only remaining traditional Phra Malai chanting group that continues to perform at funeral ceremonies and has expanded its performances into various public and private sectors. Data were collected from video recordings, interviews with language informants involved in the chanting tradition such as the lead chanter and chorus members, together with field observations and a review of academic documents, textbooks, and related research. The findings reveal that the chants are derived from handwritten manuscripts passed down through generations. At present, there are 15 distinct chant melodies. These include two traditional melodies, chan rap and rai, as well as thirteen lam nok melodies. The lam nok melodies fall into two categories: those composed by the troupe itself and those based on classical literature such as Khun Chang Khun Phaen and Chanthakhorop. The transmission of the chanting tradition occurs in three forms: hereditary transmission within families, formal apprenticeship, and informal learning through observation. The linguistic strategies found in the Phra Malai chants can be categorized into four aspects: (1) linguistic techniques in the chant texts, (2) the use of figurative language, (3) strategies of meaning-making, and (4) the use of rhetorical questions. The linguistic creativity within Phra Malai chanting reflects the distinctive characteristics of its cultural context.