Development of a Set of Exercises for the Development of Memory of Thai Historical Events in the Thonburi Period That Affects the Academic Achievement of the 5th Grade Students

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) develop a set of exercises to enhance memory of historical events during the Thonburi period in Thai history with an effectiveness standard of 80/80, and 2) compare students' learning achievement before and after using the exercise set. The sample consisted of 23 Grade 5/1 students enrolled in the second semester of the 2023 academic year at Kowitthamrong Chiang Mai School, selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) an exercise set designed to improve memory of historical events during the Thonburi period for Grade 5 students, and 2) a learning achievement test on the topic of the Thonburi Kingdom, in a multiple-choice format with four options and 10 items. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the effectiveness index of the exercise set, and a comparison of pretest and posttest scores. The findings showed that: 1) the exercise set had an effectiveness score of 80.72/91.74, which exceeded the established criterion of 80/80, and 2) students’ post-learning achievement scores on the Thonburi Kingdom topic were significantly higher than their pre-learning scores at the .05 level. Specifically, the average pretest score was 4.09 (SD = 1.64), or 40.87%, while the average posttest score was 9.17 (SD = 1.09), or 91.74%, yielding a gain score percentage of 50.87%. These results suggest that using the exercise set significantly enhanced students' memory and understanding of historical events during the Thonburi period.