Factors Influencing the Intention to Purchase Electric Vehicles by Demographic Segments: A Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling Approach
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Abstract
This study aims to examine factors influencing electric vehicle (EV) purchase intention and to compare differences across demographic groups. Data were collected from 458 private EV users through a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The overall model showed acceptable approximation error (χ2/df = 2.282, RMSEA = 0.053), while incremental fit indices were below the commonly used 0.90 guideline (CFI = 0.859, TLI = 0.824). Perceived behavioral control had the strongest positive effect on purchase intention (β = 0.842, p < 0.001), followed by attitude (β = 0.186, p = 0.006) and perceived benefit (β = 0.093, p = 0.012). Subjective norm had a significant positive effect (β = 0.065, p = 0.023), whereas perceived risk had a significant negative effect (β = -0.108, p = 0.016). In the multi-group analyses, χ2/df and RMSEA remained acceptable (χ2/df = 1.710–1.877, RMSEA = 0.040–0.044), whereas CFI/TLI ranged from 0.787–0.821 and 0.734–0.776, respectively. The results reveal statistically significant differences in electric vehicle purchase intention across demographic groups, gender, age groups, and income levels. The suggest enhancing consumers’ readiness and practical ease of use, along with targeted marketing communications tailored to specific segments.
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