Analysis of the Value of the 13 Dhutanga Practices in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Abstract

             This research aims to: 1) study the concepts and practical principles of Dhutanga practices in Theravada Buddhist philosophy, 2) study the concepts and practices of Dhutanga in the Commentary texts, and 3) analyze the values of the 13 Dhutanga practices in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. This is qualitative research that studies data from the Tipitaka, Commentaries (Atthakatha), Sub-commentaries (Tika), Sub-sub-commentaries (Anutika), Pakaranavises texts, books, textbooks, articles, documents, and related research. The research findings are presented in descriptive and analytical format according to the research objectives.
             The results of the study were found that:
             1. Concepts and Principles of Dhutanga Practice in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy The term "Dhutanga" literally means "elements for eliminating defilements." It comprises 13 ascetic practices called "Dhutangavatta 13." Practitioners can voluntarily choose to observe any one of these practices according to their preference, and it is not necessary to observe all 13 practices.
             2. Concepts and Practices of Dhutanga in the Atthakatha Commentaries These appear in the Visuddhimagga, a work by Venerable Buddhaghosa. Dhutanga in the Vimuttimagga, authored by Venerable Upatissa Thera, describes the 13 Dhutanga practices as observances for: being content with little, satisfaction, refinement, seclusion, non-accumulation, diligence, being easy to support, perfection of virtue, freedom from blame, and establishing oneself in the lineage of noble ones who are completely free from defilements.
             3. Analysis of the Value of the 13 Dhutanga Practices in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy.The value of practicing the 13 Dhutanga practices encompasses : Physical aspect: Physical strength and health Mental aspect : Dhutanga cultivates contentment with little, satisfaction, and reduces attachment to sensual pleasures.Wisdom aspect : Dhutanga develops Right View (Sammaditthi) and understanding of the Four Noble Truths, with the essence of life lying in the elimination of ignorance.Social aspect: Dhutanga instills noble virtues, serving as an example of simple and sufficient living without causing harm, fostering harmony, reconciliation, and cooperation within the community. The true value of Dhutanga lies in reducing and eliminating defilements and craving, with the ultimate goal of attaining Nibbana.