An Analysis of Existentialism in the Story of Prince Mahajanaka in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Abstract

             This research aims to: 1) study the historical background of Phra Mahachanaka in Theravada Buddhist philosophy, 2) examine existential philosophy, and 3) analyze the existential philosophy of Phra Mahachanaka in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. This is qualitative research focusing on documentary research through the study of data from books, textbooks, articles, documents, and related research. Data analysis was conducted and research results were presented in the form of descriptive analysis according to the research objectives.
             The research results found that:
             1. Historical Background of Phra Mahachanaka Phra Mahachanaka was a Bodhisattva who appeared in the Nibata Jataka. After King Ariṭṭhachanaka was killed by King Polachanaka, who seized the throne, Phra Mahachanaka's mother fled to the city of Kalacampa, where she gave birth to Phra Mahachanaka. When he came of age, Phra Mahachanaka engaged in trade but encountered a shipwreck in the middle of the sea. Through perseverance, he swam for seven days until the goddess Maṇimekhala rescued him and brought him to the city of Mithila, which was without a ruler at that time. Phra Mahachanaka was thus invited to ascend the throne. He was crowned and married to Princess Sivali, ruling with the Ten Royal Virtues (Dasavidha-rājadhamma). Later, he became disenchanted with sensual pleasures and saw the dangers of householder life. He therefore renounced his royal position and entered monkhood to ultimately seek liberation (moksha).
             2. Existential philosophy is an important Western philosophical school that emphasizes human existence. It states that humans are born with freedom and must take responsibility for all their actions. There is no sacred power that determines the course of life. Humans must create values and choose meaning for themselves in the midst of a meaningless universe. The goal is to live an authentic life through conscious action and honesty with oneself.
             3. Analysis of Phra Mahachanaka's Existential Philosophy in Theravada Buddhism. When analyzed through the framework of existential philosophy, which emphasizes existence, free choice, and self-responsibility, Phra Mahachanaka represents an exemplar of a human being who seeks the true meaning of life with freedom. He made decisions independent of fate or external powers. His struggles in the sea, his ascension to the throne, and his renunciation of worldly life to attain enlightenment all demonstrate his firm commitment to free will and authenticity to himself. Amidst the uncertainties and limitations of life, he chose a path that truly aligned with truth and his inner aspirations. This reflects the highest form of freedom according to existential philosophy in Theravada Buddhism, which emphasizes mindful action, responsibility, and awakening to the meaning of existence.