An Investigation into Listening, Speaking Proficiency and Attitudes Toward Chinese Dialects among Thai-Chinese in Mueang District, Lampang Province

Abstract

             This study aimed to 1) investigate the listening and speaking abilities of Chinese dialect speakers in Lampang Province and 2) examine their attitudes and language choice behaviors in various contexts, including family, workplace, and society. Lampang Province has long been a settlement area for Chinese communities and is characterized by its linguistic diversity.
             A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection. The sample consisted of 36 Thai Chinese participants, divided into four dialect groups: Teochew, Hakka, Hainanese, and Yunnanese. Each group was further categorized into three age ranges: 60 years and above, 40–60 years, and under 25 years, with three participants per subgroup. Data was collected between March and May 2025.
            The research result found that:
             1. Older adults (60 years and above) demonstrated the highest listening and speaking abilities, with average listening scores ranging from 70.33 to 73.67, and used their dialects fluently in daily life. Middle-aged participants showed moderate competence, with average listening scores between 44.33 and 47.33, using the dialects primarily in specific contexts. Youth participants scored very low (9.00–12.67 on average) and were largely unable to speak their heritage dialects.
             2. Regarding attitudes and language choice, younger participants predominantly used Thai in both family and social contexts, despite recognizing the cultural significance of their dialects. In contrast, older and middle-aged participants maintained positive attitudes toward their dialects and attempted to use them in family activities and cultural ceremonies.
              In conclusion, the linguistic competence, use, and attitudes toward Chinese dialects among the Thai Chinese community in Lampang show a clear generational decline, reflecting processes of language shift and assimilation. Without active measures to promote intergenerational transmission within families and communities, these dialects are at risk of disappearing soon.