An Analysis of the Reasoning of the Buddha and Socrates

Abstract

             This research aims to 1) study the reasoning of the Buddha, 2) study the reasoning of Socrates, and 3) analyze and compare the reasoning of both concepts. The research is qualitative, studying data from both primary and secondary documents, then analyzing and presenting them descriptively.
             The results of the research found that:
             1. The Buddha's use of reason emphasized examination, reflection, and verification through intellect, discouraging blind faith or adherence to tradition without consideration. The key principle was using intellect to determine whether teachings truly lead to goodness, peace, and liberation from suffering, as reflected in the Kalama Sutta, which promotes self-reflection.
             2. Socrates' use of reason formed the foundation of Western philosophy and critical thinking. It emphasized systematic questioning to test the consistency of beliefs, based on the principle that recognizing one's own ignorance is the beginning of wisdom, and employed dialogue to seek the truth.
             3. Both shared the pursuit of truth through reason and intellect, but differed in their ultimate goals. The Buddha aimed for the cessation of suffering and liberation, while Socrates focused on developing intellect and virtue through criticism and dialogue.