SITUATIONS AND TRENDS OF THAI PEOPLE BEING ENTICED INTO EXPLOITATIONS FOR ILLEGAL BUSINESS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHIANG RAI BORDER PROVINCE

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the situation regarding work-related travel routes, methods of deception, factors contributing to involvement in the trafficking process, and the assistance and repatriation processes for victims back to their homeland (Thailand). This qualitative study includes two sample groups: 10 human trafficking victims and 10 representatives from government and private sectors involved in preventing and resolving human trafficking issues according to the NRM mechanism. Both groups were selected using purposive sampling. The tools used include interview documents from the victims, guidelines for focus group discussions.

The study found that the number of Thai victims trafficked abroad is increasing. The victims generally have a high level of education and good English or Chinese language skills. They are enticed and deceived through various forms of social media. All victims voluntarily traveled for work and crossed borders illegally. The victims' travel routes from start to finish occurring in two ways: victims travel to a rendezvous point to cross the border independently, or agents' vehicles or taxis pick up the victims at designated points from the origin. Methods of deceiving victims into the trafficking process include several strategies, such as creating incentives with high remuneration, agents making advance payments, and portraying an image of success by showing that those who have previously worked abroad have been successful. Factors leading to involvement in the human trafficking process include pull factors such as high remuneration compared to current job income and economic expansion and growth opportunities in the area. Push factors include economic issues, unemployment, debt, economic disparities in Thailand, and additional factors such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the geographical and socio-economic vulnerabilities of Chiang Rai Province to crimes including human trafficking. In terms of mechanisms for assisting trafficking victims in Thailand, the practice follows the National Referral Mechanism (NRM). Assistance mechanisms for victims in destination countries focus on integrated cooperation in various forms. There are two scenarios: victims who can return to Thailand independently, and victims who seek help through various channels, such as contacting acquaintances or media. The study suggests that the government should implement continuous and consistent educational programs on human trafficking prevention for children, youths, and residents in border areas. Additionally, there should be promotion and support for the development of technological knowledge to prevent and combat human trafficking.