Apology and Forgiveness: A Comparative Study of Buddhism and Psychology

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Phra Tanawat Mahapunyo (Nilprakobkul)

Abstract

This article aims to examine the meanings and processes of apology and forgiveness through a comparative analysis of Buddhist perspectives and contemporary psychological theories. The study employs documentary analysis of Buddhist canonical texts and scholarly works in Buddhist studies, alongside theories and empirical research in psychology, particularly in the areas of relational repair and emotional healing. The findings indicate that, in Buddhism, apology is understood as an intentional acknowledgment of wrongdoing grounded in moral shame (hiri) and moral dread (ottappa), functioning as part of a systematic training of the mind aimed at reducing defilements and self-attachment. Forgiveness, in this context, emphasizes the letting go of anger and resentment as a means to extinguish the internal causes of suffering. In contrast, psychology conceptualizes apology and forgiveness as interconnected intrapersonal and interpersonal processes that facilitate emotional healing, repair relational injuries, and restore trust, with a primary focus on emotional regulation and psychological well-being. While both frameworks converge in their emphasis on sincerity, the reduction of anger, and their therapeutic effects on the mind and relationships, they differ in their ultimate aims and levels of explanation. Buddhism prioritizes long-term inner transformation and liberation from suffering, whereas psychology focuses on relational functioning and emotional recovery in everyday life. This article argues that integrating Buddhist and psychological perspectives provides a more comprehensive understanding of apology and forgiveness and offers valuable insights for fostering inner peace and social harmony in contemporary society.

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Academic Articles

References

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