Development of Learning Activities Based on Backward Design and Design Thinking Process to Enhance Innovative Thinking Skills for Student Teachers

Abstract

The purposes of this research article were 1) to create and evaluate the quality of learning activities based on backward design and design thinking process; 2) to compare the innovative thinking skills of student teachers before and after learning with learning activities based on backward design and design thinking process; and 3) to compare the innovative thinking skills of student teachers after learning with feedback learning activities combined with design thinking processes with a 70% criterion. The research employed a research and development methodology. The sample consisted of 51 student teachers selected using simple random sampling using a lottery method, with class groups as the sampling unit. The research instruments included lesson plans, a lesson plan suitability assessment form, and an innovative thinking skills assessment form. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, dependent t-tests, and single-group t-tests. The research findings revealed that 1) the learning activity consisted of five key steps: Step 1: conducting fieldwork to study the learners' learning objectives; Step 2: defining the learners' learning objectives; Step 3: brainstorming to determine evidence and methods for measuring and evaluating learning outcomes; Step 4: creating a prototype of innovative learning management; and Step 5: implementing the innovative learning management prototype in the classroom. These steps were deemed highly appropriate (Mean = 4.56, S.D. = 0.04) and had an effectiveness index of 0.7773; 2) the post-test scores for all components of innovative thinking skills of student teachers were significantly higher than their pre-test scores at the .05 statistical significance level; 3) the post-test scores for innovative thinking skills of student teachers were significantly higher than the 70% criterion at the .05 statistical significance level.