Development of 21st Century Creative Leadership Scale for School Administrators
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Abstract
The objectives of this research were 1) to develop 21st century creative leadership scale for school administrators; 2) to investigate the quality of 21st century creative leadership scale for school administrators; 3) to construct norms of 21st century creative leadership scale for school administrators; and 4) to assess 21st century creative leadership skills of school administrators. The study applied sequential mixed method research with exploratory sequential design (QUAL à QUAN). The research procedures were divided into three phases. Preliminary phase was a documentary analysis. Phase I (qualitative study) was an interview in which the data were collected from 20 experts. Phase II (quantitative study), the survey data were collected by using scale developed by researcher. The sample was 750 primary and secondary school administrators under the Office of the Basic Education Commission selected by multi-state random sampling. The research instrument used in this study were a interview protocol form and a 21st century creative leadership scale for school administrators. The data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows, LISREL and Microsoft Office Excel.
The research results show the following findings.
- The 21st century creative leadership scale for school administrators consists of 35 items using 5-point ratings. The 21st century creative leadership scale consists of 5 factors; Imagination (8 items), Vision (8 items), Flexibility (6 items), Thrill-Seeking (7 items), and Curiosity (6 items).
- According to the results of the analysis of 21st creative leadership scale’s quality, the scale had the content validity. The second order confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model fitted to the empirical data (Chi-Square=482.44, p=.09, df=442, GFI=.96, AGFI=.95, RMSEA=.011). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability was .974.
- For the norms of the 21st creative leadership scale for school administrators, the T-scores were in the range of 23.37 to 66.76.
- The 21st creative leadership school administrator skills of school administrators had very high, high, moderate, low, and very low levels. Each level was as follows 14.40%, 16.40%, 45.33%, 16.00%, and 7.87%.
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