The Ubosathas and Viharas of Late Ayutthaya and Early Rattanakosin Periods at Khlong Aomnon, Nonthaburi Province
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Jun 29, 2018
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Ubosatha Vihara Khlong Aomnon Nonthaburi Province Architecture
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Abstract
This article examines the architectural style, design and function of twenty four religious buildings, namely Ubosatthas and Viharas, situated within twenty three Buddhist temples located alongside the historical community of Khlong Aomnon in Nonthaburi Province. Presumably constructed during the late Ayutthaya and early Rattanakosin periods, the buildings are divided into four groups based on their location along Khlong Aomnon. Information on architecture, society, religious and culture within these areas were collected.
Findings revealed that Khlong Aomnon, originally part of the old Chao Phraya River, has become a central settlement for several large communities due to its fertility and accessibility to varying modes of water transportation. Temples were placed as the center of communal life with “Palai”, a lean-to roof or mono-pitched roof in the front or rear end of Ubosatthas and Viharas. Even though the lean-to roof feature is commonly found in these areas, there are some differences in details of the buildings due to historical and cultural elements in each area; these elements have often been found to have significant influence on the architectural styles, decorative details and function of the buildings.
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References
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____. (2005). Sangkhom lum mǣnam čhaophrayā: phatthanākān læ kān plīanplǣng [Community of Chao Phraya river basin: Development and Changing]. Retrieved April 10, 2016, from http://lek-prapai.org/home/view.php?id=808.
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Wongsa Dhiraj Snid, Krom Luang. (1983). Nirāt phra pra thom [Phra Prathom Literary]. Bangkok: Prayoonwong Printing.
Interviewees:
Iam Chae, P. People in the Klong Aom canal community. 24 April 2016.
Machaeng, C. People in the Klong Aom canal community. 22 April 2016.
Choisy, Abbé De. (1973). Chotmāihēt rāi wan kāndœ̄nthāng sū prathēt Sayām nai pī khō̜. sō̜. nưngphanhokrō̜ipǣtsiphā - nưngphanhokrō̜ipǣtsiphok [Journal de voyage to Siam During 1685 - 1686] (Sant Thor Komolbutr, Trans.). Bangkok: Kaona.
Chuvichean, P. ( 1997). Lūatlāi bāng bǣp bon baisēmā wat khāngkhāo čhangwat nonthaburī [Patterns on Sema of Kangkao Temple in Nonthaburi province]. Muang Boran, 29(1), 72 - 78.
Committee on Organizing the Celebration in Honour of His Majesty the King. (1999). Watthanatham phatthanākān thāng prawattisāt ʻēkkalak læ phūmpanyā čhangwat nonthaburī [Cultural, developmental history, identity and knowledge of Nonthaburi province]. Bangkok: The Committee on Organizing the Celebration in Honour of His Majesty the King.
Fine Arts Department. (1966). Krom phra rāt wanglang [Lord of Rear Palace]. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department.
____. (1994). Prachum phongsāwadān phāk thī pǣt sip sō̜ngrư̄ang phrarātcha phongsāwadān krung Sayām čhāk tonchabap khō̜ng britit miosīam krung lō̜n dō̜n [Chronicle Vol.82 Royal Chronicle of Siam From the manuscript of the British Museum]. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department.
____. (2013). Pakinka sinlapawatthanatham lem sip sām[Miscellaneous Art and Cultural Vol. 13]. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department.
Inscriptions in Thailand Database. (2006). Chārưk bon phǣndin phao wat thēp ʻurumaphang [Inscription on Earthenware at Thep Udompang Temple]. Retrived April 15, 2016, from http://www.sac.or.th/databases/inscrip tions/inscribe_detail.php?id=739.
Jiratatsanakul, S. (2002). Wat: phut sātsana sathāpattayakam Thai [Temple: Thai Buddhist Architecture]. Bangkok: Thammasat university printing house.
Kasetsiri, C. (2005). Ayutthayā: prawattisāt læ kānmư̄ang [Ayutthaya: History and Politics]. Bangkok: Thammasat university printing house.
Loubere, L. & Simon, De. (1967). Chotmāihētlālūbǣ chabap sombūn: rātchaʻānāčhak Sayām [The Kingdom of Siam] (Sant Thor Komolbutr, Trans.). Bangkok: Kaona.
Leksukhum, S. (1997). Prāng khō̜ngwat prāng lūang čhangwat nonthaburī kap kānkamnot ʻāyu [Dating Prang of Prang Luang Temple in Nonthaburi Province]. Muang Boran, 23(3), 63 - 70.
National Archive of Thailand. Document in Rama V. (1858). Rư̄ang khut khlō̜ng čhēdī būchā [Diging Chedi Boocha canal]. (n.p.).
National Archive of Thailand. Document in Rama VI. (1915). Rư̄ang song phūmisāt chapho̜ mư̄ang nonthaburī. phư̄a khō̜ dai ʻanuyāt hai kǣ rōngrīan khārātchakān phonlarư̄an [Sending Geography of Nonthaburi to request permission for a civil servant school]. (n.p.).
Natural Resources and environmental policy and planning. (2005). Lǣng singwǣtlō̜m thāng watthanatham rim khlō̜ng ʻō̜m non [Cultural environment along Omnon Canal]. Bangkok: Officer of natural Resources and environmental policy and planning.
Niladech, S. (2002). Prawattisāt sathāpattayakam Thai [History of Thai Architecture]. Bangkok: Thammasat university printing house.
Panin, O. (1984). Rāingān wičhai rư̄ang laksana ʻākhān phak ʻāsai yān khlō̜ng bāng kō̜k nō̜I [Research Report on Residential Building in Bangkok Noi Canal Community]. Bangkok: Department of Architecture, Silpakorn University.
Panyothin, A. (2009). Kānsưksā phư̄a kamnot ʻāyu bōrānnasathān wat phō bāng ʻō ʻō̜. bāng krūai čhō̜. nonthaburī čhāk lakthān thāng bōrānnakhadī [The study for dating archaeolgical site at Wat Phobang - O Amphoe Bang Kruai Changwat Nonthaburi on base archaeology evidence] (Master of Arts, Department of Architecture and Related Arts, Graduate School, Silpakorn University).
Project in Honour of Her Majesty Queen Sirikit. (2014). Changwat nonthaburī [Nonthaburi province]. (n.p.).
Samantarat, S. (2005). Wongsā witthayā sangkhēp wādūai sathāpattayakam phūm nithat thin bintha bāt rư̄a læ rư̄ang thī kīeokhō̜ng [A brieft genealogy of Vernacular Cultural Landscape Architectures, Bin - tha - bart - rua with related issues]. Retrived April 10, 2016, from http://v1.midnightuniv.org/midnight2545/document9584.html.
Samittirat, K. (2006). Kān plīanplǣng withī chīwit khō̜ng chāo sūan bāng krūai nonthaburī rawāng Phō̜.Sō̜. sō̜ngphan sīrō̜isīsiphā - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isipʻet [The Changing Way of Life of The Orchards Man at Bangkruoi Nonthaburi During 1902 - 1968] (Master’s Project, M.Ed. (History), Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University).
Seniwong, M. (1970). Prawat khwāmpenmā khō̜ng tontrakūn Sēnī wong [History of the Seniwong Family Tree]. Bangkok: Naval Administration Department.
Sunthornwohan (Phu), Phra. (1961). Nirāt sunthō̜nphū [Literary of Sunthorn Phu]. Bangkok: Kurusapa Business Organization.
Suphangkanach, M. (2002). Kānsưksā phư̄a nǣothāng kānʻanurak wat nai chumchon rim khlō̜ng ʻō̜m čhangwat nonthaburī [A conservation study for temples of communities along Klong Aom canal, Nonthaburi province] (Master of Arts, Department of Architecture and Related Arts, Graduate School, Silpakorn University).
Thongpan, S. (1997). Samrūat wat nai khēt mǣnam ʻō̜m nonthaburī [Surveying Temple along Klong Aom canal, Nonthaburi province]. Muang Boran, 23(3), 17 - 49.
Valipodom S. (1997). Bāng yai: chumchon chāo sūan nai khētnonthaburī [Bang Yai: Community of gardeners in Nonthaburi]. Muang Boran, 23(3), 50 - 62.
____. (2005). Sangkhom lum mǣnam čhaophrayā: phatthanākān læ kān plīanplǣng [Community of Chao Phraya river basin: Development and Changing]. Retrieved April 10, 2016, from http://lek-prapai.org/home/view.php?id=808.
Vella, Walter F. (1971). Phǣndin phranangklao [Siam under Rama III] (Tongsopit, N. Trans). Bangkok: The Social Science Association of Thailand.
Wongsa Dhiraj Snid, Krom Luang. (1983). Nirāt phra pra thom [Phra Prathom Literary]. Bangkok: Prayoonwong Printing.
Interviewees:
Iam Chae, P. People in the Klong Aom canal community. 24 April 2016.
Machaeng, C. People in the Klong Aom canal community. 22 April 2016.