Dynamics of Network Monarchy: Observations about Changes of Thai Elite Network during B.E. 2495 - 2535
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 28, 2018
Keywords:
Network Monarchy Thai Elite Royal Hegemony Relative Autonomy Consensus
Main Article Content
Abstract
Although the concept of network monarchy has been seen emerging across numerous academic works in the fields of political science, political history of Thailand and contemporary history in past decades, the concept has only been used within a theoretical and conceptual framework for analysis. Given the lack of a specific study on the network monarchy, this article attempts to give an analytical study on the relationship between the network monarchy and the Thai elite network. The study found that the formation and dynamics of the network monarchy correlates to the “royal hegemony” of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej in each period. While components of the network monarchy belong to the Thai elite group, the correlation exists in “Relative Autonomy”, affecting the movement, expansion and contraction of the network monarchy periodically; depending on rhythm of the royal hegemony. In addition, as the network monarchy is part of the Thai elite network structure, “consensus among the Thai elite” is essential; having effects on determining the rhythm of the royal hegemony. By all means, the formation and dynamics of the network monarchy provides an analytical explanation onto the development and structural changes within the Thai elite network at a macroscopic scale.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Section
Articles
There is no charge for paper processing and publication. Once the paper is under peer-review process, however, if the paper is withdrawn for any reason the author will be responsible for the expense of 3,000 Baht occurred in the review process.
References
Anderson, B. (2008). Bānmư̄ang khō̜ngrao longdǣng: Ngǣmum thāng sangkhom læ watthanatham khō̜ng ratprahān Hok Tulā [Our country to be in critical: Social and Cultural Aspect of Coup d’etat on 6th October]. In Kasetsiri C. & Petchlertanan T. (ed.), Čhāk Sipsī Thưng Hok Tulā [From October 14, 1973 to October 6, 1976]. Bangkok: The Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project.
Atsawachaichan, S. (2013). Si Sip Rueang Yon Adit Sangkhom Thai Kon Hetkan Sip Si Tula [40 Stories about Thai Society before 14th October 1973]. Sarakadee, 29 (344), 128 - 129.
Bureau of the Royal House Hold, the Kingdom of Thailand. (1996). Sadetpraphātton Māpen khrōngkānphrarātchadamri pho.so. sō̜ngphanhā rō̜isō̜ng - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isippǣt [From Traveling privately to the Royally-Initiated Projects, 1959 - 1975]. Bangkok: Amarin Printings and Publishing.
Chaiching, N. (2013). Khō̜fanfainaifanʻanlư̄achư̄a khwāmkhlư̄anwai khō̜ng khabūankān patipak Patiwatsiam [To Dream…the Impossible Dream: the Movement of Siam Revolutionary Faction]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.
Chainaken, C. (2011). Kanmueang Nai Samai Nayokratthamontri Phraratchathan Sanya Thammasak (pho.so. sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok – sō̜ngphanhārō̜isippǣt) [Politics during the Royally-appointed Prime Minister Sanya Dharmasakti (1973 - 1975)] (Master’s thesis, Thammasat University).
Chariyakorn, W. (1998). Rư̄angplǣk nai tamnān Hoksippǣtpī Khrutphā Trātang hǣng phǣndin [Incredible Legend; 68 Years of Khrut Pha (Garuda emblem), the National Emblem of Thailand]. Hi-Class, 15(172), 74 - 80.
Chitbundit, C. (2007). Khrōngkānphrarātchadamri: Kānsathāpanāʻ amnātnām nai phrabātsomdetphračhaoyūhūa [The Royally-Initiated Projects: the Making of Royal Hegemony of the King Rama IX]. Bangkok: The Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project.
Chitsanga, T. (2016). Khwāmkhatyǣng thāng kānmư̄ang rawāng Pridi Banomyong Pūai ʻƯngphākō̜n kap Sanyā Thamsak læ klum anurak niyom nai samai ratthabān Thanō̜m Praphāt pho.so. sō̜ngphanhārō̜i sipsām - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok [The Political Conflict between Pridi Panomyong, Puey Ungphakorn, Sunya Thammasak, and Conservative Faction during the government of Thanom Prapas, 1970 - 1973]. Journal of History, 40(August 2015 - July 2016), 108 - 140.
Eiawsriwong, N. (1995). Ratthammanūn chabap watthanatham thai [Thai Culture Version of Constitution]. Chātthai Mư̄angthai BǣprīanlæʻAnusāowarīwādūaiwatthanatham, Rat lærūpkānčhit samnưk [Thai State, Thailand, Course Book, and the Monument of Culture, State, and Consciousness]. Bangkok: Matichon.
_____. (2013). Pāthokthā “Sērīphāp Prachāthiptai kap sangkhomthai nai raya plīanphān” [Speech “Liberty, Democracy, and Thai Society in Transitional Period]. Art for Liberty Exhibition. Pridi Banomyong Institute (21st February).
_____. (2015). Kradumphī Kānmư̄ang mūanchon læ chut phrarātcha thān [Bourgeoisie, Mass Politics, and Royal Dress]. Time not change. Bangkok: Matichon.
Hochotmaihet Thammasat Ēkkasānmāilēkfǣm A 8.6/53: Banthưk rāingān supphonlakāra sammanā Sup Wikhro̜ læ pramœ̄n Kranī Sipsī Tulā sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok [Thammasat University Archives Document File A8.6/53: Concluding Report of Analytical and Evaluative Seminar in case of 14th October 1973].
Jeamteerasakul, S. (2001). Prawatsāt thī phœ̄n gsāng [Newly Created History]. Bangkok: Hok Tularamluk Press.
_____. (2005). Lang Sipsī Tulā [After 14th October]. Fahdeawkan, 3(4), 168 - 171.
Kasetsart University Engineering Alumni. (2010). Sattha hǣng chīwit Mō̜mlūang Chūchāt Kamphū [The Belief of Life; M.L. Chuchat Kamphu]. Nakhonpathom: Physics Center Press.
Kesboonchoo-Mead, K. (2007). Kānmư̄angthai phāitai yuk Sarit Thanō̜m [Thai Politics in the Period of Sarit-Thanom]. The research of Pridi Banomyong Fund, The Foundation for 50 Years Bank of Thailand.
Klinfoong, P. (2008). Kānsadetphrarātchadamnœ̄n thō̜ngthītāngčhang wat khō̜ng Prabatsomdej prachaoyouhua Bhumibol Adulyadej pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ikāosipsām - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isāmsip [His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s visits to provincial areas, 1950 - 1987] (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University).
McCargo, D. (2005). Network Monarchy and Legitimacy Crisis in Thailand. The Pacific Review, 18(4), 499.
Meechai, T. (1983). khwāmsamphan rawāng klum thurakitʻēkkachon læ khārātchakān kap kān mư̄angthai [The Effects of the Interactions between Business Groups and Bureaucracy on Thai Politics] (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University).
Mektrairat, N. (2006). Phra phūsong pokklao prachāthiptai thai Hoksippī Sirirajsombatkap kānmư̄angkānpokkhrō̜ngthai [The King who Protected Democracy: the Sixtieth Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty’s Accession to the Throne and Thai Politics]. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press.
Office of His Majesty's Principal Private Secretary. (1980). Mūnnithi songsœ̄m sinlapāchīp Nai phrabō̜romrāchinūpatham [The Foundation of the Promotion of Supplementary Occupations and Related Techniques under the Royal Patronage of Her Majesty the Queen]. Bangkok: (n.p.).
Ouyyanont, P. (2014). Samnakngān sapsin sūan phramahākasatri kap botbāt kānlongthun thāng thurakit [The Crown Property Bureau and Business Investment Role]. In Tulathon C. (ed.), Phraphō̜nma chūai umnauy hai chư̄ncham Sētthakitkānmư̄ang wādūai sapsinsūan phramahākasatri lang sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsi phā [Political Economy of The Crown Property after 1932]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.
Pramoj, S, M.R. (1997). Chīwalikhit Anusorn ngānsadetphrarātchathān phlœ̄ngsop Mō̜mrātchawong sēnī Pramoj [Memorial Cremation of M.R. Seni Pramoj]. Bangkok: Thaiwattanapanich.
Ramsut, T. (ed). (2000). Hāsip Pī Rātchaprachāsamāsai hǣng kān sanō̜ng phrarātpanithan [50 Years of Rajpracha Samasai for the Royal Wish]. Nonthaburi: Rajpracha Samasai Foundation.
Rattanadilokchai, W. (1993). Khư̄ chīwit læ khwāmwang Kasēm Čhātikwanit [The Life and Hope of Kasem Chatikwanit]. Bangkok: Phraew Press.
Riggs, Fred W. (1966). Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity. Honolulu: East - West Center Press.
Saengthongkham, W. (2013). Bunmā Wongsawan (nưng) [Bunmā Wongsawan (1)]. Matichon Weekly, 34(1737), 28 - 29.
Satchawanit, Y. (1996). Phǣtʻāsā khō̜ng somdetyā [The Princess Mother's Medical Volunteers]. The Special Edition of The Princess Mother's Medical Volunteer Foundation Journal, 10(19), 63 - 71.
Sattayanurak, A. (2003). Sakdinā kap phatthanākān thāng sangkhom watthanatham thai [Dignity and Thai Social and Cultural Development]. The Office of the National Culture Commission.
_____. (2014). Prachāthiptai Khonthai mai thaokan [Thai People’s Democracy not be equal]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Sattayanurak, S. (2007). Khuekrit Kap Praditthakam "Khwam Pen Thai" Lem Nưng Yuk Chomphon Por Phibūnsongkhrām [Politics and the Construction of Thainess by M.R.Kukrit Pramoj Volume 1 Field Marshal Por Phibunsongkhram’s Period]. Bangkok: Matichon Press.
Sirungthong, K. (2006). Sano̜ ʻŪnākūn Lēkhāthikān Sō̜ng Samai “Khon khō̜ng saphāphat tong mī khunnaphāp” [Sanoh Unakul, two terms secretary “The personnel of NESDB must be competent”]. In Woradilok P. (ed.), Hā Thotsawat saphāphat [5 Decades of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB)]. Bangkok: The National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).
Sivaraksa, S. (1985). Rueang Krom Muen Phi Thaya Lap Pharue Thi Ya Kon Tam Thatsana So Sivaraksa [The Story of H.H. Prince Dhani Nivat in So. Sivaraksa’s View]. Bangkok: Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation.
Suwannathat–Pian, K. (2003). King, Country and Constitution: Thailand‘s Political Development, 1932 – 2000. London: Curzon.
Suwanrat, P. (2002). Thīralưk Phūang Suwanrat [The Memorial for Phuang Suwanrat]. Bangkok: O.S. Printing House.
Tamada, Y. (2008). Prachāthiptai Kānthamhaipenprachāthiptai lækān ʻō̜kčhākprachāthiptai khō̜ngprathedthai [Democracy, Democratization, and De-Democratization in Thailand]. Fahdeawkan, 6(4), 98 - 139.
Tantiwetchakun, S. (2012). Khāphǣndin sō̜n lūk [Servant Teaches the Son]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Techaphira, K. (2013). Kānsēwanāsāthārana Khit mai prachāniyom: Čhāk ratthabān Thaksin thưng Yinglux Rao rīanrūʻarai bāng [Public speak “Rethinking about Populism: from government of Thaksin to Yinglak, what did we learn?]. Organized by The Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) and Fridrich-Ebert-Stiftung FES Thailand (30 May).
Thanapornpan, R. (1989). Krabūankān kamnot nayōbāI sētthakit nai prathedthai: botwikhro̜ chœ̄ng prawatsāt sētthakit kānmư̄ang pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsiphā - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isāmsip [The Process for Setting Economic Policy in Thailand: the Political Economy Historical Analysis, 1932 - 1987]. Bangkok: the Subcommittee on Publications, the Social Science Association of Thailand.
Thepsongkhraow, S. (2009). Krabūankān kamnot nayōbāI thīdin nai prathedthai Rawāng pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsiphā - sō̜ngphan hārō̜i [The Process of Land Policy Formulation in Thailand between 1932 - 1957] (Master’s thesis, Thammasat University).
Unakul, S. (2013). Phalang Thek No Khraet: Phan Chiwit Lae Ngan Khong Sanoh Anukul [Technocrat’s Power: Life and Work of Sanoh Unangkul]. Bangkok: Matichon Press.
Winichakul, T. (2013). Prachāthiptai thī mī phramahākasatri yū nư̄a kānmư̄ang [Democracy which the Monarchy is above the Politics]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.
Atsawachaichan, S. (2013). Si Sip Rueang Yon Adit Sangkhom Thai Kon Hetkan Sip Si Tula [40 Stories about Thai Society before 14th October 1973]. Sarakadee, 29 (344), 128 - 129.
Bureau of the Royal House Hold, the Kingdom of Thailand. (1996). Sadetpraphātton Māpen khrōngkānphrarātchadamri pho.so. sō̜ngphanhā rō̜isō̜ng - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isippǣt [From Traveling privately to the Royally-Initiated Projects, 1959 - 1975]. Bangkok: Amarin Printings and Publishing.
Chaiching, N. (2013). Khō̜fanfainaifanʻanlư̄achư̄a khwāmkhlư̄anwai khō̜ng khabūankān patipak Patiwatsiam [To Dream…the Impossible Dream: the Movement of Siam Revolutionary Faction]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.
Chainaken, C. (2011). Kanmueang Nai Samai Nayokratthamontri Phraratchathan Sanya Thammasak (pho.so. sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok – sō̜ngphanhārō̜isippǣt) [Politics during the Royally-appointed Prime Minister Sanya Dharmasakti (1973 - 1975)] (Master’s thesis, Thammasat University).
Chariyakorn, W. (1998). Rư̄angplǣk nai tamnān Hoksippǣtpī Khrutphā Trātang hǣng phǣndin [Incredible Legend; 68 Years of Khrut Pha (Garuda emblem), the National Emblem of Thailand]. Hi-Class, 15(172), 74 - 80.
Chitbundit, C. (2007). Khrōngkānphrarātchadamri: Kānsathāpanāʻ amnātnām nai phrabātsomdetphračhaoyūhūa [The Royally-Initiated Projects: the Making of Royal Hegemony of the King Rama IX]. Bangkok: The Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project.
Chitsanga, T. (2016). Khwāmkhatyǣng thāng kānmư̄ang rawāng Pridi Banomyong Pūai ʻƯngphākō̜n kap Sanyā Thamsak læ klum anurak niyom nai samai ratthabān Thanō̜m Praphāt pho.so. sō̜ngphanhārō̜i sipsām - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok [The Political Conflict between Pridi Panomyong, Puey Ungphakorn, Sunya Thammasak, and Conservative Faction during the government of Thanom Prapas, 1970 - 1973]. Journal of History, 40(August 2015 - July 2016), 108 - 140.
Eiawsriwong, N. (1995). Ratthammanūn chabap watthanatham thai [Thai Culture Version of Constitution]. Chātthai Mư̄angthai BǣprīanlæʻAnusāowarīwādūaiwatthanatham, Rat lærūpkānčhit samnưk [Thai State, Thailand, Course Book, and the Monument of Culture, State, and Consciousness]. Bangkok: Matichon.
_____. (2013). Pāthokthā “Sērīphāp Prachāthiptai kap sangkhomthai nai raya plīanphān” [Speech “Liberty, Democracy, and Thai Society in Transitional Period]. Art for Liberty Exhibition. Pridi Banomyong Institute (21st February).
_____. (2015). Kradumphī Kānmư̄ang mūanchon læ chut phrarātcha thān [Bourgeoisie, Mass Politics, and Royal Dress]. Time not change. Bangkok: Matichon.
Hochotmaihet Thammasat Ēkkasānmāilēkfǣm A 8.6/53: Banthưk rāingān supphonlakāra sammanā Sup Wikhro̜ læ pramœ̄n Kranī Sipsī Tulā sō̜ngphanhārō̜isiphok [Thammasat University Archives Document File A8.6/53: Concluding Report of Analytical and Evaluative Seminar in case of 14th October 1973].
Jeamteerasakul, S. (2001). Prawatsāt thī phœ̄n gsāng [Newly Created History]. Bangkok: Hok Tularamluk Press.
_____. (2005). Lang Sipsī Tulā [After 14th October]. Fahdeawkan, 3(4), 168 - 171.
Kasetsart University Engineering Alumni. (2010). Sattha hǣng chīwit Mō̜mlūang Chūchāt Kamphū [The Belief of Life; M.L. Chuchat Kamphu]. Nakhonpathom: Physics Center Press.
Kesboonchoo-Mead, K. (2007). Kānmư̄angthai phāitai yuk Sarit Thanō̜m [Thai Politics in the Period of Sarit-Thanom]. The research of Pridi Banomyong Fund, The Foundation for 50 Years Bank of Thailand.
Klinfoong, P. (2008). Kānsadetphrarātchadamnœ̄n thō̜ngthītāngčhang wat khō̜ng Prabatsomdej prachaoyouhua Bhumibol Adulyadej pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ikāosipsām - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isāmsip [His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s visits to provincial areas, 1950 - 1987] (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University).
McCargo, D. (2005). Network Monarchy and Legitimacy Crisis in Thailand. The Pacific Review, 18(4), 499.
Meechai, T. (1983). khwāmsamphan rawāng klum thurakitʻēkkachon læ khārātchakān kap kān mư̄angthai [The Effects of the Interactions between Business Groups and Bureaucracy on Thai Politics] (Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University).
Mektrairat, N. (2006). Phra phūsong pokklao prachāthiptai thai Hoksippī Sirirajsombatkap kānmư̄angkānpokkhrō̜ngthai [The King who Protected Democracy: the Sixtieth Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty’s Accession to the Throne and Thai Politics]. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press.
Office of His Majesty's Principal Private Secretary. (1980). Mūnnithi songsœ̄m sinlapāchīp Nai phrabō̜romrāchinūpatham [The Foundation of the Promotion of Supplementary Occupations and Related Techniques under the Royal Patronage of Her Majesty the Queen]. Bangkok: (n.p.).
Ouyyanont, P. (2014). Samnakngān sapsin sūan phramahākasatri kap botbāt kānlongthun thāng thurakit [The Crown Property Bureau and Business Investment Role]. In Tulathon C. (ed.), Phraphō̜nma chūai umnauy hai chư̄ncham Sētthakitkānmư̄ang wādūai sapsinsūan phramahākasatri lang sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsi phā [Political Economy of The Crown Property after 1932]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.
Pramoj, S, M.R. (1997). Chīwalikhit Anusorn ngānsadetphrarātchathān phlœ̄ngsop Mō̜mrātchawong sēnī Pramoj [Memorial Cremation of M.R. Seni Pramoj]. Bangkok: Thaiwattanapanich.
Ramsut, T. (ed). (2000). Hāsip Pī Rātchaprachāsamāsai hǣng kān sanō̜ng phrarātpanithan [50 Years of Rajpracha Samasai for the Royal Wish]. Nonthaburi: Rajpracha Samasai Foundation.
Rattanadilokchai, W. (1993). Khư̄ chīwit læ khwāmwang Kasēm Čhātikwanit [The Life and Hope of Kasem Chatikwanit]. Bangkok: Phraew Press.
Riggs, Fred W. (1966). Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity. Honolulu: East - West Center Press.
Saengthongkham, W. (2013). Bunmā Wongsawan (nưng) [Bunmā Wongsawan (1)]. Matichon Weekly, 34(1737), 28 - 29.
Satchawanit, Y. (1996). Phǣtʻāsā khō̜ng somdetyā [The Princess Mother's Medical Volunteers]. The Special Edition of The Princess Mother's Medical Volunteer Foundation Journal, 10(19), 63 - 71.
Sattayanurak, A. (2003). Sakdinā kap phatthanākān thāng sangkhom watthanatham thai [Dignity and Thai Social and Cultural Development]. The Office of the National Culture Commission.
_____. (2014). Prachāthiptai Khonthai mai thaokan [Thai People’s Democracy not be equal]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Sattayanurak, S. (2007). Khuekrit Kap Praditthakam "Khwam Pen Thai" Lem Nưng Yuk Chomphon Por Phibūnsongkhrām [Politics and the Construction of Thainess by M.R.Kukrit Pramoj Volume 1 Field Marshal Por Phibunsongkhram’s Period]. Bangkok: Matichon Press.
Sirungthong, K. (2006). Sano̜ ʻŪnākūn Lēkhāthikān Sō̜ng Samai “Khon khō̜ng saphāphat tong mī khunnaphāp” [Sanoh Unakul, two terms secretary “The personnel of NESDB must be competent”]. In Woradilok P. (ed.), Hā Thotsawat saphāphat [5 Decades of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB)]. Bangkok: The National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).
Sivaraksa, S. (1985). Rueang Krom Muen Phi Thaya Lap Pharue Thi Ya Kon Tam Thatsana So Sivaraksa [The Story of H.H. Prince Dhani Nivat in So. Sivaraksa’s View]. Bangkok: Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation.
Suwannathat–Pian, K. (2003). King, Country and Constitution: Thailand‘s Political Development, 1932 – 2000. London: Curzon.
Suwanrat, P. (2002). Thīralưk Phūang Suwanrat [The Memorial for Phuang Suwanrat]. Bangkok: O.S. Printing House.
Tamada, Y. (2008). Prachāthiptai Kānthamhaipenprachāthiptai lækān ʻō̜kčhākprachāthiptai khō̜ngprathedthai [Democracy, Democratization, and De-Democratization in Thailand]. Fahdeawkan, 6(4), 98 - 139.
Tantiwetchakun, S. (2012). Khāphǣndin sō̜n lūk [Servant Teaches the Son]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Techaphira, K. (2013). Kānsēwanāsāthārana Khit mai prachāniyom: Čhāk ratthabān Thaksin thưng Yinglux Rao rīanrūʻarai bāng [Public speak “Rethinking about Populism: from government of Thaksin to Yinglak, what did we learn?]. Organized by The Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) and Fridrich-Ebert-Stiftung FES Thailand (30 May).
Thanapornpan, R. (1989). Krabūankān kamnot nayōbāI sētthakit nai prathedthai: botwikhro̜ chœ̄ng prawatsāt sētthakit kānmư̄ang pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsiphā - sō̜ngphanhārō̜isāmsip [The Process for Setting Economic Policy in Thailand: the Political Economy Historical Analysis, 1932 - 1987]. Bangkok: the Subcommittee on Publications, the Social Science Association of Thailand.
Thepsongkhraow, S. (2009). Krabūankān kamnot nayōbāI thīdin nai prathedthai Rawāng pho.so. sō̜ngphansīrō̜ičhetsiphā - sō̜ngphan hārō̜i [The Process of Land Policy Formulation in Thailand between 1932 - 1957] (Master’s thesis, Thammasat University).
Unakul, S. (2013). Phalang Thek No Khraet: Phan Chiwit Lae Ngan Khong Sanoh Anukul [Technocrat’s Power: Life and Work of Sanoh Unangkul]. Bangkok: Matichon Press.
Winichakul, T. (2013). Prachāthiptai thī mī phramahākasatri yū nư̄a kānmư̄ang [Democracy which the Monarchy is above the Politics]. Nonthaburi: Fahdeawkan.