Colonization of the Times: A Periodization Problem in Lanna History
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Abstract
Modern periodization in Lan Na history resulted from the introduction of modern historicism in studying history in the early 20th century, after which various periodization models for Lan Na history have been proposed. However, as the study of Lan Na history has never been independent of the study of Thai/Siamese history, all the proposed models were influenced by the mainstream lens among the Thai/Siamese elite-intellectuals. The Phongsawasan Yonok model, the first modern periodization model of Lan Na history proposed in the closing of the 19th century by Chaem Bunnag, was shaped by adopting the way the lens and methods of British Colonial historians in studying Indian history, which was popular among the Siamese elite-intellectuals of the times. Similarly to the British periodization model of Indian history, the model subsequently consisted of the orientalist racist notion and helped legitimize Bangkok’s colonization of Lan Na. Also, the “main periodization model,” generally accepted in the study of Lan Na history nowadays, despite being an answer to a localist call for historical autonomy from Thai/Siamese historiography, still contains an anti-Burmese attitude, which is a core idea of the royal nationalist narrative of Thai history, and was exploited by the Thai state in their propaganda effort during the World War and the Cold War eras.
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