THE IMPORTANCE OF ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION (RPA) ON ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

Abstract

This academic article aims to investigate the concepts and applications of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in accounting, its resultant impacts and challenges, as well as relevant research findings and case studies. The methodology employs a synthesis of academic literature related to the adoption of RPA technology in accounting, gathering data from both domestic (Thailand) and international databases. The study seeks to foster a comprehensive understanding of the technology's role, implications, and future trends. The research reveals that RPA technology is primarily applied to tasks that are repetitive, rule-based, and clearly defined in scope, such as data entry, reconciliation, and financial closing. This implementation significantly enhances operational accuracy and speed, resulting in substantial cost reduction. Current evidence suggests that this technology grants accountants more time for strategic tasks, including data analysis and business advisory. Furthermore, RPA is being utilized by global accounting firms (Big 4) to support functions like auditing, tax management and data handling.

However, the application of RPA technology still faces several concerns, including data security risks, algorithm accuracy, the necessity for infrastructure investment, the shortage of digitally skilled personnel, and anxiety regarding the potential displacement of human labor by robots. Future trends indicate that the use of RPA in the accounting profession will continue to expand, linking with other technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud systems. This integration is expected to achieve comprehensive, end-to-end automation of accounting processes and elevate the role of accountants to leaders in analytical and strategic management. The key recommendation is that accountants and entrepreneurs must adapt by developing new skills in both digital literacy and analytical thinking, coupled with establishing data risk governance measures, promoting ethical practices, and integrating RPA technology into accounting curricula to prepare the workforce for future changes. Although RPA is beneficial, its deployment carries inherent technological and data security risks; thus, its implementation should be approached with caution.