Effects of the Theory of Planned Behaviour on Green Behaviour of Hotel Customers in Thailand
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this study explores the effects of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on green consumer behavior. The quantitative research was carried out using questionnaires to collect data. The marketing concept was integrated with environmental conservation according to the government’s green hotel policy by focusing on the measurement of consumers’ behavior in order to evaluate their service experiences in the hotels that have adopted the green hotel policy.
The questionnaires were distributed to 618 customers of Thai chain hotels who visited the hotels in the high season or from November to December 2020. The questions about marketing behavior and environmental concepts were used to obtain green consumer behavior data. The theory of planned behavior variables, comprising green perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, green purchase attitudes, and green purchase intentions, have a statistically significant effect on green consumer behavior. The model fit index is at a good level at CMIN/DF = 2.591, p-value = 0.000,AGFI = 0.910, IFI = 0.962, GFI = 0.927, CFI = 0.962, PNFI = 0.829, PCFI = 0.848, and RMSEA =0.051. The present study provides knowledge about Thailand’s green hotel operators that have
changed the way they operate due to awareness of potential environmental impacts. The research
results showed that each hotel complies with the environmental stewardship policy with the aim
of attracting consumers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ลิขสิทธิ์ของบทความ
ผลงานที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของมหาวิทยาลัยหอการค้าไทย ห้ามมิให้นำเนื้อหา ทัศนะ หรือข้อคิดเห็นใด ๆ ของผลงานไปทำซ้ำ ดัดแปลง หรือเผยแพร่ ไม่ว่าทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วนโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากมหาวิทยาลัยหอการค้าไทยก่อน
References
Adel, A. M., Dai, X., Roshdy, R. S., & Yan, C. (2021). Muslims’ travel decision-making to non-Islamic destinations: perspectives from information-seeking models and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), 918-940. doi:10.1108/JIMA-04-2020-0095
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Amin, S., & Tarun, M. T. (2020). Effect of consumption values on customers’ green purchase intention: A mediating role of green trust. Social Responsibility Journal, ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). doi:10.1108/SRJ-05-2020-0191
Amoako, G. K., Doe, J. K., & Dzogbenuku, R. K. (2021). Perceived firm ethicality and brand loyalty: The mediating role of corporate social responsibility and perceived green marketing. Society and Business Review, 16(3), 398-419. doi:10.1108/SBR-05-2020-0076
Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Baumgartner, J. (1990). The level of effort required for behaviour as a moderator of the attitude-behaviour relation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(1), 45-59. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420200105
Bang, H., A. Odio, M., & Reio, T. (2014). The moderating role of brand reputation and moral obligation. Journal of Management Development, 33(4), 282-298. doi:10.1108/JMD-12-2010-0102
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectationconfirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370. doi:10.2307/3250921
Britt, T. W., Bennett, E. A., Crabtree, M., Haugh, C., Oliver, K., McFadden, A., & Pury, C. L. S. (2011). The theory of planned behavior and reserve component veteran treatment seeking. Military Psychology, 23(1), 82-96. doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.534417
Call, A., Domenech, R. M. M., Vázquez, A. L., & Corralejo, S. M. (2018). Predicting participation in dual language immersion using theory of planned behavior. Bilingual Research Journal, 41(1), 23-36. doi:10.1080/15235882.2018.1425935
Catton, W., & Dunlap, R. (1978). Environmental sociology: A new paradigm. The American Sociologist, 13(1), 41-49.
Chahal, H., Dangwal, R., & Raina, S. (2014). Conceptualisation, development and validation of green marketing orientation (GMO) of SMEs in India. Journal of Global Responsibility, 5(2), 312-337. doi:10.1108/JGR-02-2014-0005
Chan,E. S. W. (2013). Gapanalysisofgreenhotel marketing. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(7), 1017-1048. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-09-2012-0156
Chan, R. Y. K. (2001). Determinants of Chinese consumers' green purchase behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 18(4), 389-413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.1013
Conner, M., Lawton, R., Parker, D., Chorlton, K., Manstead, A. S. R., & Stradling, S. (2007). Application of the theory of planned behaviour to the prediction of objectively assessed breaking of posted speed limits. British Journal of Psychology, 98(3), 429-453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1348/000712606X133597
Fiandari, Y. R., Surachman, S., Rohman, F., & Hussein, A. S. (2019). Perceived value dimension in repetitive fish consumption in Indonesia by using an extended theory of planned behavior. British Food Journal, 121(6), 1220-1235. doi:10.1108/BFJ-07-2018-0429
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.doi:10.2307/3151312
Fuchs, P., Raulino, C., Conceição, D., Neiva, S., Amorim, W. S. d., Soares, T. C., . . . Andrade Guerra, J. B. S. O. d. A. (2020). Promoting sustainable development in higher education institutions: The use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system in support of green marketing. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 21(7), 1477-1505. doi:10.1108/IJSHE-02-2020-0079
Getzner, M., & Grabner Kräuter, S. (2004). Consumer preferences and marketing strategies for “green shares”. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 22(4), 260-278. doi:10.1108/ 02652320410542545
Godin, G., Gagnon, H., & Lambert, L. D. (2003). Factors associated with maintenance of regular condom use among single heterosexual adults: A longitudinal study. Canadian journal of public health, 94(4), 287-291. doi:10.1007/BF03403607
Goldenhar, L., & Connell, C. (1992). Understanding and predicting recycling behavior: An application of the theory of reasoned action. Journal of Environmental Systems, 22, 91-103.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2017). Multivariate data analysis. New York, NY: Pearson.
Haleem, A., Khan, S., Luthra, S., Varshney, H., Alam, M., & Khan, M. I. (2021). Supplier evaluation in the context of circular economy: A forward step for resilient business and environment concern. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 2119-2146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2736
Han, H., Hsu, L. T., & Lee, J. S. (2009). Empirical investigation of the roles of attitudes toward green behaviors, overall image, gender, and age in hotel customers’ eco-friendly decisionmaking process. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 519-528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.02.004
Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). An investigation of green hotel customers’ decision formation: Developing an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 659-668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.01.001
Han, T. I., & Stoel, L. (2016). The effect of social norms and product knowledge on purchase of organic cotton and fair-trade apparel. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 7(2), 89-102. doi:10.1080/20932685.2015.1131434
Horng, J. S., Su, C. S., & So, S. I. A. (2013). Segmenting food festival visitors: Applying the theory of planned behavior and lifestyle. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(3), 193-216.doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.814038
Ishoy, G. A. (2016). The theory of planned behavior and policing: How attitudes about behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect the discretionary enforcement decisions of police officers. Criminal Justice Studies, 29(4), 345-362. doi:10.1080/1478601X.2016.1225362
Kautish, P., & Dash, G. (2017). Environmentally concerned consumer behavior: evidence from consumers in Rajasthan. Journal of Modelling in Management, 12(4),712-738.doi:10.1108/JM2-05-2015-0021
Khare, A. (2014). Consumers’ susceptibility to interpersonal influence as a determining factor of ecologically conscious behaviour. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 32(1), 2-20. doi:10.1108/MIP-04-2013-0062
Khare, A., & Kautish, P. (2021). Antecedents to green apparel purchase behavior of Indian consumers. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 32, 1-30. doi:10.1080/21639159.2021.1885301
Lai, C. K. M., & Cheng, E. W. L. (2016). Green purchase behavior of undergraduate students in Hong Kong. The Social Science Journal, 53(1), 67-76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2015.11.003
Laroche, M., Bergeron, J., & Barbaro Forleo, G. (2001). Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(6), 503-520. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000006155
Le Bourhis, J. P. (2016). The politics of green knowledge: A comparative study of support for and resistance to sustainability and environmental indicators. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18(4), 403-418. doi:10.1080/13876988.2015.1023054
Lee, H.-R., Hubbard, E. A. S., O'Riordan, C. K., & Kim, M.-S. (2006). Incorporating culture into the theory of planned behavior: Predicting smoking cessation intentions among college students. Asian Journal of Communication, 16(3),315-332.doi:10.1080/01292980600857880
Liu, M. T., Liu, Y., & Mo, Z. (2020). Moral norm is the key. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(8), 1823-1841. doi:10.1108/APJML-05-2019-0285
MacGillivray, G. S., & Lynd-Stevenson, R. M. (2013). The revised theory of planned behavior and volunteer behavior in Australia. Community Development, 44(1), 23-37. doi:10.1080/15575330.2012.675578
Matthes, J., & Wonneberger, A. (2014). The skeptical green consumer revisited: Testing the relationship between green consumerism and skepticism toward advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43(2), 115-127. doi:10.1080/00913367.2013.834804
Nguyen, T. N., Lobo, A., & Greenland, S. (2017). The influence of cultural values on green purchase behaviour. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 35(3), 377-396. doi:10.1108/MIP-08-2016-0131
Parker, D., Manstead, A., & Stradling, S. (2011). Extending the theory of planned behaviour: The role of personal norm. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34,127-138.doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01053.x
Reysen, S., Chadborn, D., & Plante, C. N. (2018). Theory of planned behavior and intention to attend a fan convention. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 19(3), 204-218. doi:10.1080/15470148.2017.1419153
Saeri, A. K., Ogilvie, C., La Macchia, S. T., Smith, J. R., & Louis, W. R. (2014). Predicting Facebookusers’ online privacy protection: Risk, trust, norm focus theory, and the theory of planned behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 154(4), 352-369. doi:10.1080/00224545.2014.914881
Scott, N., & Parfitt, N. (2005). Lifestyle segmentation in tourism and leisure. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 5(2-4), 121-139. doi:10.1300/J162v05n02_07
Shimul, A. S., Cheah, I., & Khan, B. B. (2021). Investigating female shoppers’ attitude and purchase intention toward green cosmetics in South Africa. Journal of Global Marketing, 1-20. doi:10.1080/08911762.2021.1934770
Shin, Y. H., & Hancer, M. (2016). The role of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control,and moral norm in the intention to purchase local food products. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 19(4), 338-351. doi:10.1080/15378020.2016.1181506
Shrum, L., McCarty, J., & Lowrey, T. (1995). Buyer characteristics of the green consumer and their implications for advertising strategy. Journal of Advertising, 24, 71-82. doi:10.1080/00913367.1995.10673477
Su, L., Swanson, S. R., Hsu, M., & Chen, X. (2017). How does perceived corporate social responsibility contribute to green consumer behavior of Chinese tourists. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(12), 3157-3176. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0580
Suchard, H. T. & Polonski, M. J. (1991). A theory of environmental buyer behaviour and Its validity: The environmental action-behaviour model. In Gilly, M. C. et al. (Eds.), AMA Summer Educators’ Conference Proceedings (pp. 187-201). American Marketing Association, Chicago.
Suki, M. N. (2016). Green product purchase intention: Impact of green brands, attitude, and knowledge. British Food Journal, 118(12), 2893-2910. doi:10.1108/BFJ-06-2016-0295
Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96(3), 506-520. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.506
Wang, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2018). Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand consumers’ intentions to visit green hotels in the Chinese context. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(8), 2810-2825. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-04-2017-0223
Wang, L., Wong, P. P. W., & Alagas, N. E. (2020). Antecedents of green purchase behaviour: An examination of altruism and environmental knowledge. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1), 63-82. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-02-2019-0034
Wu, S. I., & Wu, Y. C. (2014). The influence of enterprisers' green management awareness on green management strategy and organizational performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 31(4), 455-476. doi:10.1108/IJQRM-01-2013-0019
Yoon, C., & Kim, H. (2013). Understanding computer security behavioral intention in the workplace. Information Technology & People, 26(4), 401-419. doi:10.1108/ITP-12-2012-0147