Representation of the West in International Travel Nirat Literature
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Abstract
The research on the Representation of the West in International Travel Nirat Literature uses the concepts of Representation and Occidentalism to study the Representation of the West in International Travel Nirat Literature. The results show that the representations of the West appearing in Nirat literature include 1) Westerners: the civilized 2) Western education: the model of modern knowledge 3) Western cities: centers of material prosperity 4) exotic and novel representations of nature and 5) Western art and culture as "wonders." These representations are a gaze back at the West through Occidentalism, by the poets' construction of meaning from what they saw as new and familiar, combined with their own concepts within the context of Thai society. At the same time, even though the poets admired Western progress, they criticized the West to diminish values that contradicted Thai morality, through cultural negotiation and affirmation of Thai identity.
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