The Rehabilitation Process for People with Visual Impairments

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the rehabilitation process and evaluate outcomes for people with visual impairments in vocational training centers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with a sample of 88 participants, including 48 rehabilitation practitioners and 40 visually impaired individuals. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires, and analyzed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. The findings revealed that vocational training centers offered programs focused on life skills and vocational training, such as Thai massage, Braille literacy, computer and smartphone usage, orientation and mobility, as well as handicrafts and agriculture, in combination with counseling for adaptation. However, challenges such as lack of family support, co-occurring disabilities, and low learner motivation were identified. Regarding the assessment of impairments, difficulties, or limitations in social participation or daily activities before and after rehabilitation, the results showed that participants experienced minimal or no limitations in seven core activities, including self-care, household chores, community living, mobility, food preparation, transportation use, and education. Additionally, two activities—recreational and leisure activities and economic self-reliance—had slight to moderate limitations. Vision, however, remained the most severely limiting factor. In conclusion, the rehabilitation process plays a crucial role in enhancing life skills, career opportunities, daily functioning, social participation, and the overall quality of life for individuals with visual impairments. It is essential that rehabilitation programs are flexible, tailored to individual needs, and continuously supported by collaboration from families, communities, and relevant agencies.