การประกอบสร้างความเป็นปรปักษ์เชิงชนชาติของอาหรับภายในภูมิรัฐศาสตร์จินตกรรมของอิหร่าน

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อาทิตย์ ทองอินทร์

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ความเป็นปรปักษ์ระหว่างอิหร่านกับซาอุดิอาระเบียเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญอันส่งผลต่อเสถียรภาพของภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลาง วัตถุประสงค์ของบทความวิจัยชิ้นนี้ คือ การทำความเข้าใจปัจจัยดังกล่าวจากมุมมองของอิหร่าน โดยการใช้วิธีการทางสังคมวิทยาประวัติศาสตร์ในความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศในการวิจัยเชิงเอกสาร เพื่อสะท้อนความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการประกอบสร้างความเป็นปรปักษ์เชิงชนชาติของอาหรับในสายตาของอิหร่าน ด้วยแนวคิดที่ผู้วิจัยพัฒนาขึ้น คือ ภูมิรัฐศาสตร์จินตกรรม ผลการวิจัยสะท้อนว่า ขั้นตอนทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่สำคัญในการก่อรูปความเป็นปรปักษ์ดังกล่าว คือ ประวัติศาสตร์ของเปอร์เซียอิหร่านยุคก่อนอิสลาม ซึ่งเป็นจุดอ้างอิงสำคัญต่อความภาคภูมิใจในศักดิ์ศรี และความรุ่งเรืองยิ่งใหญ่ของชนชาติ และประวัติศาสตร์ของเปอร์เซียอิหร่านยุคหลังการถูกพิชิตโดยจักรวรรดิอาหรับอิสลาม ซึ่งเป็นจุดอ้างอิงสำคัญต่อการสูญสลายความยิ่งใหญ่ การสูญเสียศักดิ์ศรีที่เคยได้รับการเคารพและสถานะที่ควรเป็นในเวทีการเมืองระหว่างประเทศ ข้อถกเถียงหลักจากการวิจัยนี้ คือ ความเป็นปรปักษ์ระหว่างอิหร่านกับซาอุดิอาระเบีย รวมทั้งกลุ่มชาติอาหรับอื่น เป็นผลสำคัญจากการทำงานของอัตลักษณ์เชิงชนชาติ คือ ความเป็นปรปักษ์ของอาหรับภายในภูมิรัฐศาสตร์จินตกรรมของอิหร่าน ไม่น้อยไปกว่าเป็นผลจากการทำงานของอัตลักษณ์เชิงศาสนา คือ ความเป็นชีอะฮฺและซุนนี ดังที่งานวิชาการส่วนใหญ่นำเสนอกันถ่ายเดียว

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อาทิตย์ ทองอินทร์, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์, ประจำสาขาวิชารัฐศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช

บทความวิจัยชิ้นนี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของดุษฎีนิพนธ์เรื่อง “ภูมิรัฐศาสตร์จินตกรรมของอิหร่าน: 40 ปี การปฏิวัติอิสลาม (ค.ศ.1979-2019),” หลักสูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต, สาขาวิชารัฐศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.

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