Review the Body of Knowledge on the Dispute Resolution in the Buddhist Texts

Abstract

This research consists of the following objectives: 1) to study the condition of dispute in the Buddhist texts, 2) to study the solution to the dispute in the Buddhist texts, and 3) to analyze the solution to the dispute in the Buddhist texts. This research is documented research, by studying the Thai Tripitaka, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University’s version, and related academic documents, and presents a descriptive analysis.

The results of the research showed that:

1. The condition of dispute in the Buddhist texts found that; the word ‘dispute has two meanings; (1) a matter that is a problem regarding an opinion or conduct that is not following the book of disciple, which is a violation of the rules, rules and patterns of society, and (2) the Sanghakamma (Due Process of Buddhist Law), which is an obligation, which is a task that must be accomplished according to the process prescribed by the Vinaya. Therefore, it is a problematic softy and an obstacle to chastity and coexistence among the monks. There are reasons for both good intentions, which are for the sake of the Dhamma and Vinaya, and bad intentions, which are aimed at destroying the Vinaya. According to the Buddhist text, there are four disputes, namely: (1) Vivadadhirarana (Dispute-issues); (2) Anuvadadhikarana (Accusation-issues); (3) Apattadhikarana (Offense-issues); (4) Kiccadhikarana: Duty-issues.
2. The solution to the dispute in the Buddhist text found that the solution to the problem of dispute is called Adhikaranasamatha. Seven modes of legal procedure are also described in the Vinaya Pitaka, employing which the Sangha arrives at decisions or settlements involving a breach of monastic discipline. They are: (1) Sammukhavinaya: Proceeding in the presence; (2) Sativinaya: Proceeding for the consciously innocent; (3) Amulhavinaya: Proceeding in the case of those who are no longer out of their mind; (4) Patinyatakarana: Proceeding on confession of guilt; (5) Yebhuyyasika: Proceeding by the majority; (6) Tassapapiyasika: Proceeding for the obstinate; and (7) Tinavattharika: Proceeding by covering over with grass.
3. The analysis of the solution to the dispute in the Buddhist text found that the solution to the dispute in the Buddhist text consisted of: (1) Define the problem, it must be defined as (a) problematic matters regarding opinions or practices or (b) the work of the monk, which is an obligation, is the Sanghakamma (Due Process of Buddhist Law) that must be completed according to the process proscribed by the Vinaya Pitaka. (2) Create problem-solving tools, called Adhikaranasamatha is a process of solving problems in Buddhism. (3) Give the leadership to the Board of Directors. In other words, (4) Determine the scope of the exercise of power. (5) To facilitate the continuation of the Dhamma and Vinaya. (6) Parivasa (Probation) It is to correct and rehabilitate offenders by building social skills or providing counseling with a good friend, and developing the right view.