Chao Pho Khao Yai: From Guardian Spirits to the Protectors of Dong Phayayen Forest

Abstract

This article examines the dynamics and roles of beliefs and rituals regarding Chao Pho Khao Yai (the Guardian Spirit of Khao Yai) in Khao Yai National Park. The study was based on the data collected from the Chao Pho Khao Yai worship ceremony held on January 26, 2024, at the Chao Pho Khao Yai Shrine in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, as well as an analysis of twelve online news reports related to Chao Pho Khao Yai, published between 2016 and 2024. The data were analyzed using the concepts of dynamics and functional roles. The findings revealed that Chao Pho Khao Yai was originally known as “Chao Pho Palat Chang”, a sacred spirit with a shrine in Nakhon Nayok Province. The establishment of the Chao Pho Khao Yai Shrine was ordered by Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat in 1961. Efforts to identify the presiding guardian spirit of the Khao Yai Forest, along with the ceremonial invitation of Chao Pho Palat Chang to reside at a new shrine, led to a transformation in his role, as he evolved into Chao Pho Khao Yai. Consequently, he became to be recognized as a Thepharak (a divine guardian) protecting the entire Khao Yai Forest. At present, the Khao Yai National Park Office continues to uphold the annual worship ceremony of Chao Pho Khao Yai to commemorate the shrine’s establishment. In online media, various news reports continue to highlight Chao Pho Khao Yai, reinforcing public awareness and the persistence of these beliefs. The study identified three key roles of Chao Pho Khao Yai: 1) Providing hope and psychological security, 2) Fostering shared consciousness and social unity, and 3) Regulating and maintaining societal order and norms.