แนวทางการปรับตัวของชุมชนดั้งเดิมเพื่อความอยู่รอดภายใต้ปรากฏการณ์เจนตริฟิเคชันในเขตพื้นที่ศูนย์กลางธุรกิจใหม่ของกรุงเทพมหานคร

Abstract

This research aims to study the changes in the studied area that led to the gentrification phenomena. It also studies the effects of gentrification on the way of life of the inhabitants of the studied area and the adaptation for survival under the gentrification of the inhabitants, investigating the urban planning measures or approaches that can enable indigenous communities to live under gentrification. Data were collected by surveying the physical characteristics of the area and the changes in socio-economic characteristics during 2007-2020 in order to draw conclusions leading to the projection of changes in the area within a radius of 1,000 meters from MRT Rama IX Station including interviews two key informants consisted of five of duties of government agencies related to urban development and five of community leaders or people in the studied area. Then, data were analyzed by content analysis method.

The research found that the studied area has undergone significant physical changes, especially in the present Central Grand area, which has been replaced by a new development model. It is a business district development project with a mixed commercial area. Previously, the land was used for small residential and commercial purposes but has changed into high-rise buildings and large modern buildings. The study area has become a commercial and interchange transportation center with high-dense residential area. Migration of people with higher social status replaces old community of vulnerable populations that are unable to survive leading to the occurrence of a phenomena that is considered to be a gentrification phenomenon, economic expansion and growth of the studied area affects the way of life of the former residents, especially vulnerable population or people in communities with inferior status. The cost of living has increased dramatically. Low-income people who have insufficient income to meet the cost of living, suffer for the lower quality of life and community livelihood, as well as social inequality. The study area has encountered with pollution caused by constructions on site. The in-depth interview however shows that, the former residents in Rama IX district have adapted to survive by restricted domestic financial plan without governance subsidies for the higher living cost. The study also found that urban planning measures and governance guidelines that related to the district (fail to enable indigenous communities to live under the gentrification phenomena) including smart communities, housing development in tandem with building a strong society, troubleshooting urban poor planning, managing the area properly, implementation of a comprehensive housing system, reducing the vulnerability of urban populations, and increasing the inclusion of the public areas of the city to meet the lifestyle of all groups through the management of the city. However, an implementation of such urban planning measures and governance guidelines still problems or obstacles that prevent the performance from achieving all the desired objectives especially, understanding and creating an engagement between government agencies, the private sector, and the public sector.