Enhancing Patient Trust in Yangon’s Private Hospitals: Impact of Service Quality Using SERVQUAL Model on Brand Image

Main Article Content

Akaraphun Ratasuk
Nyan Lin Naing
penpattra tantaworranart

Abstract

Given Myanmar’s harsh surrounding environment and competition in the healthcare industry, this study examined the impact of dimensions of the SERVQUAL model – such as tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy – on patients' trust via the brand image of private hospitals in Yangon based on Social Capital Theory. Stratified purposive sampling was employed for sample selection, and data from 414 patients were collected online. The results of PLS-SEM showed that tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy significantly influenced brand image. Among these, tangibles, responsiveness, and assurance also positively impacted patient trust, while reliability and empathy did not. The findings of the Sobel test also showed that brand image mediated the effects of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy on patients’ trust. Additionally, these findings enrich new knowledge of how the SERVQUAL model enhances patients' trust through the brand image of Yangon’s private hospitals, extending the application of social capital theory and offering valuable strategic and business implementation guidelines to promote private hospital businesses and practitioners to improve healthcare service quality.

Article Details

How to Cite
Ratasuk, . A. ., Lin Naing, N. ., & tantaworranart, penpattra. (2025). Enhancing Patient Trust in Yangon’s Private Hospitals: Impact of Service Quality Using SERVQUAL Model on Brand Image. University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Journal Humanities and Social Sciences, 45(2), 1–14. retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/utccjournalhs/article/view/278544
Section
Research Articles

References

Abdullah, M. Z., Othman, A. K., Hamzah, M. I., Anuar, A., Tobi, S. N. M., & Solat, N. (2022). The influence of healthcare service quality on public university students’ satisfaction and behavioural intention: Moderating role of trust. Journal of Health Management, 25(3), 489-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634221076886

Adi, S., Irawan, B., Suroso, I., & Sudaryanto, S. (2022). Loyalty-based sustainable competitive advantage and intention to choose back at one bank. Quality Access to Success, 23(189), 306-315. DOI: 10.47750/QAS/23.189.35

Alhidari, A. M., & Alkadhi, O. H. (2018). Keep them in: How to drive dental consumers’ loyalty in the modern era?. Expert Journal of Marketing, 6(2), 106-114. https://marketing.expertjournals.com/ark:/16759/EJM_612alhidari106-114.pdf

Bäckström, I., Ingelsson, P., Sten, L. M., & Häggström, M. (2023). A proposed model for developing quality and efficiency in transitional care. The TQM Journal, 35(9), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2022-0140

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). Greenwood. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/bourdieu-forms-capital.htm

Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2024). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41, 745-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y

Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). https://archive.org/details/cochran-1977-sampling-techniques/mode/2up

Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173(C). DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Govindarajo, N. S., & Khen, M. H. S. (2020). Effect of service quality on visitor satisfaction, destination image and destination loyalty–practical, theoretical and policy implications to avitourism. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1), 83-101.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Kalia, P., Kaushal, R., Singla, M., & Parkash, J. (2021). Determining the role of service quality, trust and commitment to customer loyalty for telecom service users: a PLS-SEM approach. The TQM Journal, 33(7), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2021-0108

Keller, K. L. (2003). Understanding brands, branding and brand equity. Interactive Marketing, 5(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1057/ palgrave.im.4340213

Ladhari, R. (2009). Service quality, emotional satisfaction, and behavioural intentions: A study in the hotel industry. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 19(3), 308-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520910955320

Lai, K. P., Yuen, Y. Y., & Chong, S. C. (2020). The effects of service quality and perceived price on revisit intention of patients: the Malaysian context. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 12(4), 541-558. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-02-2019-0013

Mandagi, D. W., Rampen, D. C., Soewignyo, T. I., & Walean, R. H. (2024). Empirical nexus of hospital brand gestalt, patient satisfaction and revisit intention. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 18(2), 215-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-04-2023-0030

Ministry of Health and Sports. (2020). Myanmar health statistics 2020. https://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/ Report_Myanmar_Health_Statistics_2020_MOHS_Oct2020.pdf

Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (2001). Corporate image and corporate reputation in customers’ retention decisions in services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8(4), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6989(00)00029-1

Odoom, P. T., Narteh, B., & Odoom, R. (2019). Healthcare branding: Insights from Africa into health service customers’ repeat patronage intentions. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(3), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1688503

Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion (OSMEP) E-Saan Center for Business and Economic Research Khon Kaen University. (2015). CLMV pulse, The heartbeat of Southeast Asia Myanmar. https://issuu.com/mskku2014/docs/clmv_pulse_ myanmar_english_version_

Parasuraman, A. P., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perc. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.

Ratasuk, A. (2022). The impact of the no-plastic-bag campaign on customer repurchase intentions and its mechanism in the modern trade business in Bangkok. Asia Social Issues, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.48048/asi.2022.251631

Ratasuk, A. (2024). The structural equation model development of how mindfulness promotes employee creativity in the restaurant business. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 24(2), 326–340. https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hasss /article /view/ 267535/181061

Ratasuk, A., & Buranasompob, A. (2021). Contributions of marketing factors on customer repurchase intentions in convenience store coffee shops in Bangkok and mediating role of brand image. Asian Administration & Management Review, 4(2), 11-21. https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AAMR/article/view/253199/169237

Ratasuk, A., & Gajesanand, S. (2020). Factors influencing brand image and customer repurchase intention: The case of coffee chain shops located in gas service stations in Bangkok. University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Journal Humanities and Social Sciences, 40(3), 171-188. https://utccjournal.utcc.ac.th/403/171_188.pdf [in Thai]

Ratasuk, A., & Gajesanand, S. (2022). Roles of food safety on customer repurchase intentions: The mediation of perceived risk and trust in food delivery service in Bangkok during COVID-19. Journal of Business Administration, 45(175), 71-93. http://www.jba.tbs.tu.ac.th/ files/Jba175/Article/JBA175AkSu.pdf

Ratasuk, A., & Gajesanand, S. (2023). Does food safety build customer trust? The mediating role of perceived risk in food delivery service in Bangkok during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asia Social Issues, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.48048/asi.2023.253719

Senasu, P. (2012). The effect of commitment, trust, competence, communication, conflict handling on relationship quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty [Master's thesis, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce]. https://hdl.handle.net/ 20. 500. 14437/424

Shie, A. J., Huang, Y. F., Li, G. Y., Lyu, W. Y., Yang, M., Dai, Y. Y., Su, Z. H., & Wu, Y. J. (2022). Exploring the relationship between hospital service quality, patient trust, and loyalty from a service encounter perspective in elderly with chronic diseases. Frontiers in public health, 10(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.876266

Swain, S., & Singh, R. K. (2021). Measuring the impact of perceived service quality on insured and uninsured patients’ satisfaction. Measuring Business Excellence, 25(3), 346-367. https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-06-2020-0095

Uzir, M. U. H., Al Halbusi, H., Thurasamy, R., Hock, R. L. T., Aljaberi, M. A., Hasan, N., & Hamid, M. (2021). The effects of service quality, perceived value and trust in home delivery service personnel on customer satisfaction: Evidence from a developing country. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102721

Wardi, Y., Trinanda, O., & Abror, A. (2022). Modelling halal restaurant’s brand image and customer’s revisit intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(11), 2254-2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-01-2021-0034

Wijaya, A. F. B., Surachman, S., & Mugiono, M. (2020). The effect of service quality, perceived value and mediating effect of brand image on brand trust. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 22(1), 45-56. DOI: 10.9744/jmk.22.1.45-56

Wu, Q., Jin, Z., & Wang, P. (2022). The relationship between the physician-patient relationship, physician empathy, and patient trust. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(6), 1388-1393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07008-9

Zhang, R., Jun, M., & Palacios, S. (2021). M-shopping service quality dimensions and their effects on customer trust and loyalty: An empirical study. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 40(1), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2020-0374