EFFECTS AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF Andrographis paniculata, ROUGH NUTMEG AND ANTIBIOTICS TO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM AGAINST CERTAIN STRAINS OF BACTERIA
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Abstract
This research studied the extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.Ex Nees, nutmeg (Myristica gragrans Houtt.) and antibiotics against the growth and biofilm formation of three bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result was shown that A. paniculate and nutmeg inhibited the growth of E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 by Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) ranging between 20-80 mg/ml. A. paniculate mixed with nutmeg was revealed synergy effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index of 0.317. Moreover, the study’s result on the synergy effects of A. paniculate and nutmeg using crystal violet staining showed that their combination could best inhibit biofilm formation of all three bacteria within 2-4 hours. The efficiency value of their inhibition was between 56.42-85.03 percent. However, synergy effect of the two medicinal plants was less than the activity of antibiotics. Thus, the combination of A. paniculate and nutmeg may be a potential candidate as unessential antibiotic for treating infectious disease.
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