A Comparative Study of Morality from the Perspectives of Theravada Buddhism and Roman Catholic Christianity for a Peaceful Society

Abstract

This research article aims to: 1) study ethics in Theravada Buddhism; 2) study ethics in Roman Catholic Christianity; and 3) comparatively study ethics in Theravada Buddhism and Roman Catholic Christianity. This study was conducted through an analysis of scriptures, documents, and related research. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Ethics in Theravada Buddhism: It was found that the Five Precepts (Pañcasīla) constitute the fundamental and essential practical principles, established to address ethical decline within society. These precepts function as a regulatory mechanism for bodily and verbal conduct based on respect for the rights and dignity of others. Furthermore, they represent a vital component of the Threefold Training (Ti-sikkhā), which facilitates mental development toward concentration (Samādhi) and wisdom (Paññā). 2. Ethics in Roman Catholic Christianity: It was found to be rooted in monotheistic faith, with the Ten Commandments serving as the sacred ethical foundation revealed through Moses as a covenant between God and humanity. This ethical framework encompasses both the relationship between humans and God and the relationship among fellow human beings, emphasizing coexistence based on love and justice. Additionally, it is interconnected with the Sacramental system for the purification of sins and living according to the Divine Will to achieve eternal salvation. 3. Comparative Analysis: Both religions share common behavioral grounds, such as the prohibition of killing, stealing, and lying, in order to establish discipline and reduce exploitation in society. However, they exhibit significant differences in conceptual structure: Buddhist ethics emphasize internal development based on the principle of causality and the Law of Kamma, with human beings as the center of self-cultivation. Conversely, Christian ethics are characterized by deontological ethics, emphasizing obedience and adherence to the Divine Law revealed by God. Nevertheless, both systems function as universal mechanisms in molding human virtue and maintaining peace amidst cultural diversity.