PHYTOCHEMICALS, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND TYROSINASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY FROM CRUDE EXTRACTS OF ORCHIDS
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Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of crude orchid flower extracts. The orchids used in the experiments included four species of the Dendrobium genus: Waew Mayura (Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook), Sai Luang (Dendrobium anosmum Lindl), Klang (Dendrobium parishii Rchb.f.), Lueng Chantaboon (Dendrobium friedericksianum Rchb.f.); and four species of the Mokara genus: Mokara Jitti, Mokara Mu Thong, Mokara Nora Blue, and Mokara Prakai Phet. The petals of these orchids were extracted with ethanol. The study results found that the crude extracts from both the Dendrobium and Mokara genera contain six similar types of phytochemicals: flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. Upon examining the total phenolic and flavonoid content, it was found that the Waew Mayura (Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook) and Mokara Nora Blue orchids had the highest concentrations (208.58 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g, 219.65 ± 1.83 mg QE/g, and 198.23 ± 1.56 mg GAE/g, 203.67 ± 1.02 mg QE/g, respectively). Antioxidant activities were tested using the DPPH and ABTS assays, revealing that Waew Mayura (Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook) and Mokara Mu Thong exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (EC50 15.34 ± 1.30 mg/ml, EC50 7.33 ± 1.02 mg/ml, and EC50 11.90 ± 1.27 mg/ml, EC50 8.43 ± 1.45 mg/ml, respectively). Additionally, Waew Mayura (Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook) and Mokara Mu Thong demonstrated the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory effects (EC50 15.09 ± 1.92 mg/ml and EC50 12.44 ± 1.29 mg/ml, respectively). These findings provide a fundamental basis for the development of cosmetic products with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties in the future, as well as for further studies on the bioactive compounds of orchids.
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