THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND UPTAKE OF BOOSTER VACCINATION AGAINST CORONAVIRUS 2019 INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION IN CHAIYAPHUM PROVINCE

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Deachawat Krongsombat
Pokkamol Laoraksawong
Natnapa Heebkaew Padchasuwan

Abstract

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological theory related to individuals' decision-making processes in seeking guidance and making positive and appropriate changes in their overall health behavior. It has been widely used, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic, where the increase in morbidity and mortality rates emphasizes the need for effective health behavior changes. Vaccination is considered the most effective way to reduce the severity and mortality rates of COVID-19. However, some groups of people are still hesitant to receive the vaccine. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate: 1) the rate of booster vaccination against coronavirus 2019, 2) the level of the Health Belief Model in relation to booster vaccination, and 3) the relationship between the Health Belief Model and booster vaccination behavior. The study was conducted among a sample population of 1,872 individuals in Chaiyaphum province using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires from January to April 2023 and analyzed using descriptive and simple logistic regression statistics.


The study found that the vaccination rate was 91.24%, and the overall health belief level was at a moderate level (gif.latex?\bar{X}  = 112.99.; S.D = 14.80). In the HBM classification, perceived susceptibility (gif.latex?\bar{X} = 20.20; S.D = 4.00) and self-efficacy (gif.latex?\bar{X} = 11.15; S.D = 2.28) were found to be at a high level. Perceived susceptibility to infection (OR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.08-4.12, p-value = 0.028), the perception of benefits (OR = 3.64, 95%CI = 2.04-6.48, p-value < 0.001), and self-efficacy (OR = 3.38, 95%CI = 1.91-6.00, p-value < 0.001) were statistically significant factors influencing booster vaccination behavior. This study suggests that government agencies should create and develop communication channels focusing on the factors of the Health Belief Model to provide information about COVID-19 vaccination to prevent the spread of the virus.

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References

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