Toward Sustainable Buddhist Pilgrimage Tourism: Integrating Stakeholder Collaboration at Sarnath, India
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Abstract
This article aimed to study: (1) the current conditions and level of sustainable development of Buddhist pilgrimage tourism at Sarnath, India; (2) the perceptions and experiences of international pilgrims and stakeholders; and (3) the key factors influencing sustainable development, including stakeholder collaboration and governance mechanisms, as well as to propose integrated guidelines for strengthening collaboration. The sample consisted of 400 international pilgrims and 25 key informants, including monks, local community representatives, government officials, and tourism stakeholders. They were selected by convenience sampling and purposive sampling methods. The instruments for data collection included structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview forms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.The research results were found as follows:Buddhist pilgrimage tourism at Sarnath demonstrates a moderate to high level of sustainability, with the highest performance in spiritual and socio-cultural dimensions, while economic and environmental aspects remain at a moderate level.International pilgrims exhibit diverse perceptions and experiences depending on their cultural and religious backgrounds, while stakeholders recognize the importance of Sarnath as a global pilgrimage destination but face challenges in coordination and communication.Key factors influencing sustainable development include spiritual authenticity, heritage management, accessibility, institutional support, and stakeholder collaboration, with collaboration identified as the most critical factor.
The governance structure is characterized by multi-level stakeholder involvement; however, collaboration remains fragmented and lacks a unified framework.The study proposes an Integrated Buddhist Pilgrimage Collaboration Model (IBPCM) to enhance sustainable, culturally sensitive, and spiritually authentic tourism development.
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- ผลงานที่ส่งตีพิมพ์จะต้องไม่เคยเผยแพร่ในสิ่งตีพิมพ์อื่นใดมาก่อนและต้องไม่อยู่ในระหว่างการพิจารณาของวารสารอื่น การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์ถือเป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้ส่งบทความโดยตรง
- ต้นฉบับที่ส่งตีพิมพ์ต้องเป็นภาษาไทยหรือภาษาอังกฤษเท่านั้น
- ต้นฉบับต้องผ่านการกลั่นกรองโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิและได้รับความเห็นชอบจากกองบรรณาธิการ
- ในกรณีที่เป็นบทความแปล ต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากเจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์ โดยการขออนุญาตให้เป็นไปตามหลักจริยธรรมสากล
- ข้อความ เนื้อหา รูปภาพ และตาราง ที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสาร เป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความแต่เพียงผู้เดียว มิใช่ความคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร กองจัดการ และมหาวิทยาลัยมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตอีสาน
6. ผลงานที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร
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